Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic disease. Chronic
inflammation is the hallmark of COPD, involving the interplay of a wide variety of cells in the …

Importance of the field: Sorafenib is an oral receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits Raf
serine/threonine kinases and receptor tyrosine kinases (vascular endothelial growth factor …

Here we present data showing oral immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B surface
antigen (HBsAg) in preclinical animal trials. Mice fed transgenic HBsAg potato tubers …

Oral immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) derived from yeast
(purified product) or in transgenic potatoes (uncooked unprocessed sample) was compared …

A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the immunogenicity of hepatitis B
surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed in potatoes and delivered orally to previously …

Natural killer (NK) cells account for 25–50% of the total number of hepatic lymphocytes,
which implicates that NK cells play an important role in liver immunity. The frequencies of …

The extent to which T-cell–mediated immune surveillance is impaired in human cancer
remains a question of major importance, given its potential impact on the development of …

Expression of vaccine antigens in plants and delivery via ingestion of transgenic plant
material has shown promise in numerous pre-clinical animal studies and in a few clinical …

An Animal Model of EVALI In this study, investigators developed a mouse model of e-
cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury. They showed that in these mice …

The detrimental impact of tobacco on human health is clearly recognized, and despite
aggressive efforts to prevent smoking, close to one billion individuals worldwide continue to …