Hedgehog proteins constitute one of a small number of families of secreted signals that have
a central role in the development of metazoans. Genetic analyses in flies, fish and mice have …

Plant cells biosynthesize primary cell walls (PCW) in all cells and produce secondary cell
walls (SCWs) in specific cell types that conduct water and/or provide mechanical support …

Tobacco smoking continues to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and
the leading avoidable cause of death worldwide. Tobacco smoking has declined in high …

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone. Recent genome-wide scans have mapped a
susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome to chromosome 3q27, where …

Sea surface temperatures were warmer throughout 1998 at Sesoko Island, Japan, than in
the 10 preceding years. Temperatures peaked at 2.8° C above average, resulting in …

Intact spinach chloroplasts scavenge hydrogen peroxide with a peroxidase that uses a
photoreductant as the electron donor, but the activity of ruptured chloroplasts is very low …

Mutations of receptor tyrosine kinases are implicated in the constitutive activation and
development of human malignancy. An internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the …

To clarify the relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and the development of
hepatocellular carcinoma as sequelae of non‐A, non‐B posttransfusion hepatitis, 231 …

Recent studies have demonstrated that transplanted bone marrow cells can turn into
unexpected lineages including myocytes, hepatocytes, neurons and many others. A …

An adipocyte-derived peptide, adiponectin (also known as GBP28), is decreased in subjects
with type 2 diabetes. Recent genome-wide scans have mapped a diabetes susceptibility …