Placenta accreta is abnormal placental adherence or invasion of the myometrium or
extrauterine structures. It is increasing in incidence because of increasing number of …

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel necrosis of premature infants. In
tissue samples of NEC, we identified numerous macrophages and a few neutrophils but not …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease,
wherein transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) …

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel necrosis of premature
infants. Based on our recent findings of increased Smad7 expression in surgically resected …

Preterm infants may be at risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) due to deficiency of
transforming growth factor-β 2 (TGF-β2) in the developing intestine. We hypothesized that …

Objective: Up to a third of all infants who develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) require
surgical resection of necrotic bowel. We hypothesized that the histopathological findings in …

Human milk contains substantial amounts of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, particularly
the isoform TGF-β2. We previously showed in preclinical models that enterally administered …

Neonates and young infants exposed to extracorporeal circulation during extracorporeal
membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and cardiopulmonary bypass are at risk of developing a …

Introduction Neonatal lung injury as a consequence of hyperoxia (HO) therapy and ventilator
care contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Increased …

Human milk contains biologically important amounts of transforming growth factor-β2
isoform (TGF-β2), which is presumed to protect against inflammatory gut mucosal injury in …