Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) persists in a latent state within resting CD4+ T
cells of infected persons treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This …

Background There is microscopic spatial and temporal heterogeneity of pathological
changes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lung tissue, which may relate to heterogeneity …

Tat is a critical viral transactivator essential for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene
expression. Activation involves binding to an RNA stem-loop structure and recruitment of the …

CD47 is a widely expressed cell surface protein that functions as an immune checkpoint in
cancer. When expressed by tumor cells, CD47 can bind SIRPα on myeloid cells, leading to …

Background Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is a myeloid-lineage inhibitory receptor that
restricts innate immunity through engagement of its cell surface ligand CD47. Blockade of …

The Tat protein of HIV-1 plays an essential role in HIV gene expression by promoting
efficient elongation of viral transcripts. Posttranslational modifications of Tat fine-tune …

IL-13 can bind to two distinct receptors: a heterodimer of IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα2.
Whereas IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα engagement by IL-13 leads to the activation of STAT6, the …

Poliovirus replication is limited to a few organs, including the brain and spinal cord. This
restricted tropism may be a consequence of organ-specific differences in translation …

Targeting the CD47-signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) pathway represents a novel
therapeutic approach to enhance anti-cancer immunity by promoting both innate and …

We previously reported the isolation of a mutant poliovirus lacking the entire genomic RNA
3′ noncoding region. Infection of HeLa cell monolayers with this deletion mutant revealed …