The involvement of estrogen and its receptors in the development of cancer has been known
for years. However, the exact mechanism responsible is far from clear. The estrogen …

It is disappointing that only a few patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) obtain a
significant survival benefit from the sorafenib treatment, which is currently regarded as a first …

Thyroid cancer occurs three times more frequently in females than in males, and in females
the incidence decreases after menopause. This gender difference suggests that the growth …

Background The role of cancer cell FOXP3 in tumorigenesis is conflicting. We aimed to study
FOXP3 expression and regulation, function and clinical implication in human non-small cell …

Abstract Both heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and p21 WAF1/Cip1 (p21) are involved in the
pathogenesis of human cancer and their functions are closely associated with apoptosis …

Cigarette smoking is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cyclooxygenase
(COX) and its derived prostanoids, mainly including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane …

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression by acting with microRNAs
(miRNAs). However, the roles of cancer specific lncRNA and its related competitive …

Purpose: The spatial heterogeneity of phenotypic and molecular characteristics of CTCs
within the circulatory system remains unclear. Herein, we mapped the distribution and …

Purpose: The overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a common finding in
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it leads to angiogenesis and poor prognosis …

Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) has been demonstrated to exert
an inhibitory effect on cell growth in most cell types studied, but its role in colon cancer is still …