Globally, there are now over 160 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 3
million deaths. While the majority of infected individuals recover, a significant proportion …

The past decade has seen an explosion in research focusing on innate immunity. Through a
wide range of mechanisms including phagocytosis, intracellular killing and activation of …

Exacerbations of COPD are thought to be caused by complex interactions between the host,
bacteria, viruses, and environmental pollution. These factors increase the inflammatory …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with
a range of persistent symptoms impacting everyday functioning, known as post-COVID-19 …

Frailty is a common negative consequence of ageing. Sarcopenia, the syndrome of loss of
muscle mass, quality and strength, is more common in older adults and has been …

Elderly humans are more susceptible to bacterial infections because of declining immune
status. We have investigated the effect of aging on neutrophil bactericidal responses …

Immunosenescence is the functional deterioration of the immune system during natural
aging. Despite increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in older adults, age-associated …

Rationale Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a pathogenic factor in sepsis and
intensive therapy unit mortality but has not been assessed as a risk factor for acute …

Objective Vaping may increase the cytotoxic effects of e-cigarette liquid (ECL). We
compared the effect of unvaped ECL to e-cigarette vapour condensate (ECVC) on alveolar …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET s) are a recently discovered addition to the defensive
armamentarium of neutrophils, assisting in the immune response against rapidly dividing …