Rationale: The Global Burden of Disease program identified smoking and ambient and
household air pollution as the main drivers of death and disability from chronic obstructive …

Background Small airways obstruction is a common feature of obstructive lung diseases.
Research is scarce on small airways obstruction, its global prevalence, and risk factors. We …

• The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study was established to assess the
prevalence of chronic airflow obstruction, a key characteristic of chronic obstructive …

Background Spirometric small airways obstruction (SAO) is common in the general
population. Whether spirometric SAO is associated with respiratory symptoms …

Background Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily
activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from …

Poverty is strongly associated with all-cause and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) mortality. Less is known about the contribution of poverty to spirometrically defined …

Smoking is the most well-established cause of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) but
particulate air pollution and poverty have also been implicated. We regressed sex-specific …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in
the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung …

DISCUSSION: Our case reminds us that chronic marijuana smoking can produce cystic lung
changes and airflow obstruction. It can cause airway inflammation acutely and after chronic …

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