The purpose of this report is to describe an association between bronchogenic carcinoma and HIV. Three HIV-seropositive patients are described who developed bronchogenic cancer (two large cell, one adenocarcinoma) before developing an AIDS-defining illness. A critical review of the literature revealed 22 other patients in which the association of HIV infection and lung cancer is reported. These patients are characterized by a relatively young age at diagnosis (median, 43 years) and prevalence of the adenocarcinoma subtype (13 of 25 patients). Twenty of 21 patients had a history of smoking. Among 21 patients for whom data were available, 6 patients (28 percent) had AIDS at time of diagnosis of lung cancer while 11 patients (55 percent) did not have AIDS or AIDS-related complex at diagnosis.