The existence of large shipyards accounts for the particular frequency of pleural mesothelioma in the Nantes-St. Nazaire region of France. From 1955 to 1985, 167 cases were diagnosed. Occupational exposure to asbestos was involved in 131 cases (88 percent). There was a great predominance of epithelial types (135) over mixed (25) and fibrosarcomatous (7) types. Survival, estimated by the actuarial method, was 54 percent at one year from first symptoms and 39 percent from histologic diagnosis. No subject was alive four years after diagnosis. Histologic type and asbestos exposure had no predictive value in our series. Survival was longer in patients under 60 years of age and when mesothelioma originated on the left side. Overall, treated patients had significantly longer survival than untreated patients. However, there was no significant difference in survival with respect to the type of treatment given: surgery, chemotherapy, talc poudrage or their combination.