Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: dbirnkrant@metrohealth.org.
• ² John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
• ³ RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine and Health System, Durham, NC, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁶ Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
• ⁸ Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
• ⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹⁰ John R Oishei Children's Hospital, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
• ¹¹ Rare Disorders and Health Outcomes Team, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ¹² Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.