Abstract
Implementation of lung cancer CT screening is currently the subject of a major policy decision within the USA. Findings of the US National Lung Screening Trial showed a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality and a 6·7% decrease in all-cause mortality; subsequently, five US professional and clinical organisations and the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended that screening should be implemented. Should national health services in Europe follow suit? The European community awaits mortality and cost-effectiveness data from the NELSON trial in 2015-16 and pooled findings of European trials. In the intervening years, a recommendation is proposed that a demonstration trial is done in the UK. In this Review, we summarise the existing evidence and identify questions that remain to be answered before the implementation of international lung cancer screening programmes.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Aged
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Cost-Benefit Analysis
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Early Detection of Cancer* / adverse effects
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Early Detection of Cancer* / economics
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Early Detection of Cancer* / methods
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Early Detection of Cancer* / standards
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Europe / epidemiology
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Evidence-Based Medicine
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Female
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Health Policy
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Humans
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Incidental Findings
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Lung Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
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Lung Neoplasms / economics
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Lung Neoplasms / mortality*
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Male
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Mass Screening* / adverse effects
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Mass Screening* / economics
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Mass Screening* / methods
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Mass Screening* / standards
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Middle Aged
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Patient Selection
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Quality-Adjusted Life Years
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Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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Smoking / adverse effects
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Smoking / epidemiology
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Smoking Cessation / statistics & numerical data
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed* / adverse effects
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed* / economics
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed* / methods
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed* / standards
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United Kingdom / epidemiology
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United States / epidemiology
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Unnecessary Procedures / adverse effects*