Background: Mouse heterotopic tracheal transplantation offers a reproducible model of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. CTLA4IgG inhibits signaling of the CD28/B7 pathway and induces antigen-specific T-cell unresponsiveness. FTY720 induces T-cell apoptosis and sequestration of circulating mature lymphocytes. We previously found that CTLA4IgG could prevent the development of obliterative airway disease but could not preserve the respiratory epithelium of grafted tracheae. We evaluated whether treatment with either FTY720 or CTLA4IgG, or with combination FTY720 and CTLA4IgG could preserve the respiratory epithelium and inhibit the development of obliterative airway disease.
Methods: Tracheae with main bronchi from C3H/He mice were transplanted heterotopically into BALB/C mice and harvested on Day 35. Recipient mice received either no treatment or treatment with intraperitoneal FTY720, CTLA4IgG, or the combination of the 2.
Results: Either FTY720 or CTLA4IgG alone significantly inhibited the development of obliterative airway disease. However, normal ciliated columnar respiratory epithelial cells were lost in the allografts. In contrast, combination therapy preserved the respiratory epithelium of the allografted tracheae. FTY720 concentration in the tissue was very high; treatment with FTY720 inhibited mixed lymphocyte reactions and augmented T-cell apoptosis.
Conclusion: Combination treatment with FTY720 and CTLA4IgG may prevent obliterative airway disease.