Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of pleural empyema in children caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae nonsusceptible to penicillin and compare their clinical outcome with pleural empyemas caused by penicillin-susceptible organisms.
Methods: Records of 109 children with complicated pleural effusions between January 1996 and December 1998 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Pathogens were recovered in 45 of these cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae represented 71% of the isolates, with 20 (62%) and 12 (38%) of the strains proving susceptible and nonsusceptible to penicillin, respectively. The average age for children with penicillin-nonsusceptible infections was 18.3 months compared with an average age of 40.9 months for those with penicillin-susceptible infections (P = 0.03). Previous antibiotic treatment was more frequent in children with penicillin-nonsusceptible organisms (P = 0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups for gender, underlying diseases, duration of fever and tachypnea, need of surgical treatment, bacteremia incidence, mean duration of therapy, or length of hospital stay.
Conclusions: Pleural empyemas caused by penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae appear to be associated with younger age and previous antibiotic treatment. By contrast, the outcome was not influenced by the penicillin susceptibility of the pneumococcus strains.