Chest
Volume 149, Issue 1, January 2016, Pages 45-52
Journal home page for Chest

Original Research: COPD
Defining the Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome in a COPD Cohort

https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.15-1055Get rights and content

Background

Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) has been recently described by international guidelines. A stepwise approach to diagnosis using usual features of both diseases is recommended although its clinical application is difficult.

Methods

To identify patients with ACOS, a cohort of well-characterized patients with COPD and up to 1 year of follow-up was analyzed. We evaluated the presence of specific characteristics associated with asthma in this COPD cohort, divided into major criteria (bronchodilator test > 400 mL and 15% and past medical history of asthma) and minor criteria (blood eosinophils > 5%, IgE > 100 IU/mL, or two separate bronchodilator tests > 200 mL and 12%). We defined ACOS by the presence of one major criterion or two minor criteria. Baseline characteristics, health status (COPD Assessment Test [CAT]), BMI, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index, rate of exacerbations, and mortality up to 1 year of follow-up were compared between patients with and without criteria for ACOS.

Results

Of 831 patients with COPD included,125 (15%) fulfilled the criteria for ACOS, and 98.4% of them sustained these criteria after 1 year. Patients with ACOS were predominantly male (81.6%), with symptomatic mild to moderate disease (67%), who were receiving inhaled corticosteroids (63.2%). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, and only survival was worse in patients with non-ACOS COPD after 1 year of follow-up (P < .05).

Conclusions

The proposed ACOS criteria are present in 15% of a cohort of patients with COPD and these patients show better 1-year prognosis than clinically similar patients with COPD with no ACOS criteria.

Trial Registry

ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01122758; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov

Section snippets

Patients

Patients with COPD participating in the COPD History Assessment in Spain (CHAIN) cohort were included. CHAIN is a multicenter study of 36 Spanish prospective cohorts carried out at university hospitals. Methodology and recruitment strategy have been reported elsewhere.10 Briefly, this is an active ongoing prospective cohort study of patients with COPD being followed since 2010. COPD was defined by smoking history ≥ 10 pack-years and a postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 after 400 μg of inhaled

Patient Characteristics

Eight-hundred thirty-one patients included in the CHAIN cohort were analyzed and 125 patients (15%) met the criteria for ACOS (Fig 1). Demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients as compared with patients with COPD not fulfilling the criteria for ACOS are shown in Table 2. As expected from a population with COPD, patients were predominantly male, with predominantly mild to moderate disease assessed by lung function or BODE and with high prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Out of

Discussion

We have applied prospectively, for the first time, precise diagnostic criteria to identify patients with the asthma and COPD overlap syndrome in a large cohort of well-characterized patients with COPD followed for up to 1 year. We found that, by using usual features of asthma in a well-characterized COPD population but stratified by major and minor criteria, we can identify this particular phenotype in 15% of a hospital-based COPD outpatient cohort, and these criteria were sustained after 1

Conclusions

We propose a set of easily applicable clinical criteria (Table 1) that can be useful to define the ACOS. In a well-characterized cohort of patients with COPD, 15% of patients fulfilled these criteria, sustained them after 1 year, and, although this phenotype was not associated with baseline clinical differences, were associated to different survival.

Acknowledgments

Author contributions: B. G. C. and J. B. S. contributed to the design of the study, made the analysis, and wrote the manuscript; B. G. C. is the guarantor of the manuscript; and J. L. L.-C., M. C.-R., J. J. S.-C., J. P. d.-T., J. M. M., C. M.-G., P. d. L., I. M., G. P.-B., N. F.-C., I. S., I. A., and C. C. contributed to patient recruitment and reviewed the manuscript.

Financial/nonfinancial disclosures: The authors have reported to CHEST the following: B. G. C. has received lecture fees from

References (19)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (0)

FUNDING/SUPPORT: We thank AstraZeneca for their partial financial support to perform this study. The COPD research program of the Spanish Respiratory Society (PII de EPOC of SEPAR) endorsed this study.

View full text