Original InvestigationPathogenesis and Treatment of Kidney Disease and HypertensionSoluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Patients With Decreased Renal Function
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Patients and Controls
sRAGE was studied in patients with chronic kidney diseases and various degrees of decreased renal function: patients with end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and healthy controls. Detailed characteristics of patients are listed in Table 1. All patients were in stable clinical status at the time of the study, without signs of acute infection or acute cardiac problems.
Results
In patients with chronic kidney diseases and various degrees of decreased renal function, sRAGE level correlates significantly positively with serum creatinine concentration (r = 0.50; P < 0.05; Fig 1) and negatively with reciprocal value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.53; P < 0.05) because the relationship to creatinine clearance is hyperbolic (Fig 2). In 5 patients with nephropathy, sRAGE also was detectable in urine samples (25, 64, 1,027, 54, and 102 pg/mL), and 4 of these
Discussion
This study shows for the first time that sRAGE levels increase in patients with decreased renal function independently of the cause of kidney disease. However, some influence of the kidney also was supposed in previous studies that focused on other diseases because patients with impaired renal function were not included.17, 20 sRAGE probably is filtered (at least partially) by renal glomeruli and then processed by renal tubules. In patients with heavy proteinuria, sRAGE subsequently is present
Acknowledgment
The authors thank Dr Soukupová, Dr Benáková, and the nurses and laboratory technicians for their assistance.
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Support: Supported by grant from the Internal Grant Agency of the Czech Ministry of Health NR/8094-3. Potential conflicts of interest: None.
Originally published online as doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.12.028 on January 30, 2006.