Mechanisms of asthma and allergic inflammationBidirectional interactions between viral respiratory illnesses and cytokine responses in the first year of life
Section snippets
Study population and experimental design
After obtaining informed consent, 289 subjects were enrolled in the Childhood Origins of ASThma (COAST) Study14 at birth, and 285 were followed prospectively for at least 1 year. To be eligible, each of the children were required to have 1 or both parents with allergic rhinitis (1 or more positive aeroallergen skin tests) and/or asthma (by history), be delivered at ≥37 weeks gestation, and be otherwise healthy. Data collected by questionnaires included parent and child health histories with a
Study subjects and wheezing episodes
Eighty-nine of the 285 children followed through infancy (31%) had a total of 179 wheezing episodes (Fig 1). Viruses were detected in 118 (66%) nasal lavage specimens obtained during wheezing episodes, and the viruses found most often were RSV (n = 51) and rhinovirus (n = 59). Smaller numbers of wheezing episodes were attributed to parainfluenza (n = 16), influenza (n = 4), echovirus (n = 1), and adenoviruses (n = 1). There were a small number of dual infections (n = 14), most commonly with RSV
Discussion
Altered immune responses have been measured after severe respiratory infections in infancy, particularly those caused by RSV, but understanding the interactions between viral infections and immune responses has been limited by a paucity of information describing preinfection immune responses. In this study, we prospectively measured immune responses and identified specific viral respiratory infections in early infancy. Our results demonstrate that mitogen-induced and cytokine-induced responses
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Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: R. Lemanske has consultant arrangements with AstraZeneca, Aventis, and Novartis, and is on the speakers bureau for Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, and Aventis. The rest of the authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01HL61879-01, P01HL70831-01, and 5M01 RR03186-18.