Short communicationEffect of cigarette smoking on plasma metalloproteinase-9 concentration
Introduction
Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 plays a role in dissolving the normal tissue basement membrane, which is made from type IV collagen [1]. MMP-9 has been identified in a variety of tissues and body fluids under pathophysiological conditions [2]and has been implicated in the mechanisms of cancer invasion and metastasis [3], extravasation of inflammatory cells [4], bone resorption [5]and progression of renal disease 6, 7. Recent studies have shown that plasma MMP-9 concentrations are increased in patients with malignancy, including gastric cancer [8]and hepatocellular carcinoma [9]. Toni et al. [8]reported that the measurement of plasma MMP-9 is helpful for early detection of primary or recurrent gastric cancer.
Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors for lung cancer. To investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on MMP-9 production, we measured plasma MMP-9 concentrations in both smoking and non-smoking subjects.
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Subjects and methods
We evaluated 100 Japanese persons. The group contained 50 healthy smokers (30 males, 20 females; mean age, 42.2 years), and 50 age-matched healthy non-smokers (30 males, 20 females; mean age, 41.4 years) were included in this study. None of these subjects had renal disease, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, blood disease, heart disease or lung cancer. Persons taking steroids, immunosuppressive agents or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents were excluded. The subjects who smoked
Results and discussion
Plasma MMP-9 concentrations in the 50 smoking subjects were significantly higher than in the 50 non-smoking subjects (52.4±26.6 ng/ml vs 34.2±16.6 ng/ml, P<0.01). No difference was recognized in plasma MMP-9 concentrations between the men and women. Plasma MMP-9 concentrations were related to the duration of smoking history. Plasma MMP-9 concentrations in the 30 subjects who had smoked for more than 20 years were significantly higher than in the 20 who had smoked for less than 20 years
Acknowledgements
We thank Ms. Tomomi Kunisawa for her helpful suggestions. We also thank Ms. Yukiko Suzuki for her expert technical assistance.
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