Domestic smoke pollution and acute respiratory infections in a rural community of the hill region of Nepal
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Status of indoor air pollution (IAP) through particulate matter (PM) emissions and associated health concerns in South Asia
2018, ChemosphereCitation Excerpt :Another study from Kathmandu reported the incidences of asthma in children (age 11–17yr) due to passive smoking in homes (OR 1.9) and biomass fuel exposure (OR 2.2) (Melsom et al., 2001). Moderate to severe cases of ARI were also reported in early age children (< 2yr) because of domestic smoke exposure (Pandey et al., 1990). A study from Pokhara highlighted the elevated incidences of TB in females (age 20–65yr), who used biomass fuel (OR 3.45, CI 1.44–8.27), kerosene stoves (OR 3.36.
Indoor Air Quality and ventilation assessment of rural mountainous households of Nepal
2016, International Journal of Sustainable Built EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :For example, the measurement of PM10 concentration monitored by Nepal Environmental & Scientific Services (NESS, 1999) in city core, sub-core, remote and industrial areas of Kathmandu for firewood burning houses are found to be 6 and 2.4 times greater than LPG and kerosene burning houses, respectively (Ministry of Population and Environment-MOPE, 2001). Pandey et al. (1989) measured hourly average personal exposure concentration of Respirable Suspended Particulates (RSP), CO and formaldehyde (HCHO) during cooking periods in 20 households with TCS and ICS in rural areas of Nepal’s hilly region from November 1986 to March 1987. The result shows the concentrations of RSP, CO and HCHO as 8200 μg/m3, 82.5 ppm and 1.4 ppm for TCS, respectively, whereas the concentrations of RSP, CO and HCHO for ICS are as 3000 μg/m3, 10.8 ppm and 0.6 ppm respectively.
The state of scientific evidence on air pollution and human health in Nepal
2013, Environmental ResearchCitation Excerpt :Health assessment was performed using questionnaire (Dhimal et al., 2010) Joshi et al., 2009; Melsom et al., 2001; Pandey, 1984b; Pant et al., 2007), spirometer (Pandey et al., 1985), peak flow meter (Joshi et al., 2009), visit by community health workers (Hahn et al., 2011; Pandey et al., 1989), hospital records (Joshi et al., 2009; Pokhrel et al., 2005; Pokhrel et al., 2010), and community registry for childhood illness (Dhimal et al., 2010). In rural areas of Nepal, increase in respiratory health burden (e.g., chronic bronchitis, acute respiratory illness) was observed with increase in time spent near domestic smoke (Joshi et al., 2009; Pandey, 1984b; Pandey et al., 1985, 1989). More time spent near stoves was associated with higher prevalence of cough, phlegm, breathlessness, wheezing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchial asthma (p<0.05) in adults.
Use of biomass fuel and acute respiratory infections in rural Pakistan
2012, Public HealthCitation Excerpt :Parental education and behavioural change strategies to keep children away from the kitchen during cooking could reduce the exposure of children and hence the risk of ARI. Although the studies vary in terms of design, exposure measurement and outcome assessment, the present results for the association between use of biomass fuel and ARI incidence are similar to most studies from India (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.0–7.9), Nepal (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8–2.9) Zimbabwe (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–3.1), Gambia (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7–15.9), and a meta-analysis of these studies (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.9–2.7).3–7 The following methodological issues should be considered when interpreting the present findings.
Rural household energy consumption in the millennium villages in Sub-Saharan Africa
2012, Energy for Sustainable Development