ReviewInhalation provocation tests using nonisotonic aerosols
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Cited by (93)
Post-inhalation cough with therapeutic aerosols: Formulation considerations
2020, Advanced Drug Delivery ReviewsCitation Excerpt :These pharmacologic agents act on airway smooth muscle receptors to induce bronchoconstriction. The recognition that most asthma patients are sensitive to osmotic stimuli has led to the development of alternative challenge agents, including inhaled hypertonic saline and inhaled mannitol (dry powder) [61]. Changes in osmolality may alter the ion composition of periciliary fluid, thereby activating release of substances (e.g., prostaglandins and leukotrienes) that induce smooth muscle contraction, inflammation, and increases in cell permeability via alteration of the structure of epithelial tight junctions [62].
Repurposing excipients as active inhalation agents: The mannitol story
2018, Advanced Drug Delivery ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Our interest became focussed on using hyperosmolar aerosols to identify bronchial hyperresponsiveness in subjects with known asthma. We compared responses to hyperosmolar aerosols of saline and hyperpnea of dry air [5–7] and found a good relationship between sensitivity to both challenges Fig. 1 [6,8]. A detailed protocol for BPT using 4.5% saline was published in 1989 [5].
Realising the potential of various inhaled airway challenge agents through improved delivery to the lungs
2018, Pulmonary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsRole of selective blocking of bradykinin receptor subtypes in attenuating allergic airway inflammation in guinea pigs
2016, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :However, the latter did show a milder degree of airway reactivity. The reasons behind this finding might be attributed to changes in the fluid lining of the respiratory tract upon saline challenge or that animals started to develop chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation (Smith and Anderson, 1989; Souza et al., 2013). A putative role of bradykinin B1 receptors in allergic inflammation is supported by the results of this research.
Assessment of EIB. What You Need to Know to Optimize Test Results.
2013, Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Hyperosmolar saline was developed as a bronchial provocation test during the 1980s. When it was observed that patients with asthma with EIB could have an attack of asthma provoked by inhaling hyperosmolar aerosols,81 the tests were standardized and became used as surrogates for exercise.82,83 However, there were limitations in that a large-volume ultrasonic nebulizer was needed, and the dose of the aerosol delivered could differ widely between patients and over time, depending on the inspiratory flow through the nebulizer and the age of the piezoelectric crystal.84
Indirect challenge tests: Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: Its measurement and clinical significance
2010, ChestCitation Excerpt :The hypertonic (4.5%) saline test was developed to investigate the hypothesis that EIB was caused by a transient increase in osmolarity of the airway surface liquid as a consequence of humidifying large volumes of air during exercise.21 The aerosol is generated using a high-output ultrasonic nebulizer and delivered for progressively increasing intervals (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 min).22 A positive response, originally defined as a 20% fall in FEV1, was reduced to 15% after large numbers of healthy subjects had been studied.