Elsevier

Tubercle

Volume 69, Issue 1, March 1988, Pages 5-14

Original article
Controlled clinical trial of a regimen of two durations for the treatment of isoniazid resistant pulmonary tuberculosis

https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-3879(88)90035-9Get rights and content

Abstract

Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were failures of primary chemotherapy with strains resistant to isoniazid or to isoniazid and streptomycin were allocated at random to receive a regimen of rifampicin and ethambutol for 6 (4RE) or 9 months (7RE), supplemented in both treatment series by streptomycin plus pyrazinamide for the first 2 months. The patients were treated in hospital for the first 2 months and thereafter treatment was supervised on a daily basis in the nearest health institution by an appointed member of staff or at home by responsible members of the community.

A total of 306 patients was admitted and 226 patients remained for analysis at the end of chemotherapy, 179 with a strain resistant to isoniazid alone and 47 with a strain resistant to isoniazid and streptomycin.

There were only two failures at the end of chemotherapy, one in the 6-month series who had resistance to both isoniazid and streptomycin pretreatment, and one in the 9-month series who had resistance to isoniazid alone.

For the 144 patients with initial resistance to isoniazid alone assessed up to 30 months, the relapse rates were low in both series: 4% for the 72 patients in the 6-month series and 3% for the 72 patients in the 9-month series. However, for the 34 patients with resistance to both drugs, three of the 14 in the 6-month but none of 20 in the 9-month series relapsed.

Résumé

Des malades présentant une tuberculose pulmonaire, pour lesquels une première chimiothérapie avait échoué et dont les souches bacillaires étaient résistantes vis-à-vis de l'isoniazide ou de l'isoniazide et de la streptomycine, ont été répartis de façon aléatoire en deux groupes pour recevoir un régime comportant la rifampicine et l'éthambutol soit pendant 6 mois, soit pendant 9 mois, régime auquel était ajouté dans les deux cas de la streptomycine et du pyrazinamide durant les deux premiers mois. Les patients on été hospitalisés pendant les deux premiers mois du traitement et ensuite l'administration du traitement a été supervisée tous les jours dans le centre de santé le plus proche par un membee du personnel désigné pour cette tâche, ou à domicile par des personnes responsables appartenant à la communauté.

Au total, 306 malades ont été admis dans l'étude; 226 restaient pour analyse à la fin de la chimiothérapie, dont 179 présentant des souches résistant `a l'isoniazide seul, et 47 présentant des souches résistant à l'isoniazide et à la streptomycine.

Deux échecs seulement ont été constatés à la fin de la chimiothérapie: l'un dans la série de 6 mois; le malade était résistant à la fois à l'isoniazide et à la streptomycine, et l'autre dans la série de 9 mois; le malade était résistant à l'isoniazide seulement.

Chez les 144 malades qui présentaient une résistance à l'isoniazide seul et qui ont étéétudiés après 30 mois, le taux des rechutes était bas dans les deux séries, 4% pour les 72 malades de la série de 6 mois et 3% pour les 72 malades de la série de 9 mois. Par contre, parmi les 34 malades qui présentaient une résistance vis-à-vis des deux médicaments, 3 malades ont rechuté parmi les 14 traités pendant 6 mois mais aucun parmi ceux traités pendant 9 mois.

Resumen

Los enfermos que presentaban una tuberculosis pulmonar cuya primera quimioterapia había fracasado y cuyas cepas bacilares eran resistentes a la isoniacida o a la isoniacida y estreptomicina fueron distribuidos al azar en dos grupos para recibir un esquema terapéutico que incluía rifampicina y etambutol, ya sea durante 6 meses o durante 9 meses, suplementado en ambos casos con estreptomicina y pirazinamida durante los dos primeros meses. Los pacientes fueron hospitalizados durante los dos primeros meses y luego la administración del tratamiento fue supervisada todos los días en el centro de salud más cercano por un miembro del personal designado especialmente o a domicilio por un miembro de la comunidad.

Se incluyó en el estudio un total de 306 pacientes, de los cuales quedaron 226 para el análisis al final de la quimioterapia; 179 presentaban cepas resistentes a la isoniacida sola y 47 presentaban cepas resistentes a la isoniacida y a la estreptomicina.

Al final de la quimioterapia se constató sólo 2 fracasos, uno en la serie de 6 meses, con cepas resistentes tanto a la isoniacida como a la estreptomicina y el otro en la serie de 9 meses, con cepas resistentes sólo a la isoniacida.

En los 144 pacientes que presentaban una resistencia a la isoniacida sola y que fueron evaluados 30 meses después, la tasa de recaídas era baja en las dos series: 4% para los 72 enfermos de la serie de 6 meses y 3% para los 72 enfermos de la serie de 9 meses. Por otra parte, en el grupo de 34 pacientes con resistencia a ambos medicamentos, presentaron recaídas 3 de los 14 enfermos de la serie de 6 meses y ninguno de los de la serie de 9 meses.

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