Plasma C3d/C3 quotient as a parameter for in vivo complement activation
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Cited by (27)
Complement ratios C3bc/C3 and sC5b-9/C5 do not increase the sensitivity of detecting acute complement activation systemically
2022, Molecular ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :However, activation of complement occurs primarily locally, and a slightly increased formation of an activation product can easily be interpreted as insignificant. Thus, different reports have suggested that the ratio between an activation product and its parent protein (e.g. C3dg/C3, C3bc/C3 or C4bc/C4) is a more sensitive indicator of activation compared to the measurement of the activation product alone (Nurnberger and Bhakdi, 1984; Nielsen et al., 1996; Kim et al., 2019). This is an interesting approach that specifically takes into account borderline elevated samples.
Complement in clinical medicine: Clinical trials, case reports and therapy monitoring
2017, Molecular ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :It has to be considered that the degree of increased in vivo concentration of a complement activation product will directly depend on the present concentration of the native molecule. Thus, if C3 levels are low due to activation and subsequent consumption, the ratio between a C3 activation product and C3, e.g. C3dg/C3, might be a more sensitive and robust marker of the degree of C3 activation, as postulated more than 30 years ago (Nurnberger and Bhakdi 1984). This principle of ratio applies in principle to activation of any component, like in the case of C4 where the C4bc/C4 ratio was found to be substantially more sensitive than the C4d/C4 ratio, although both ratios were superior to the activation product or C4 alone (Nielsen et al., 1995).
Complement analysis 2016: Clinical indications, laboratory diagnostics and quality control
2016, ImmunobiologyCitation Excerpt :When measuring an activation product from a single component (e.g. C3a or C3d), the amount should be related to the concentration of the native component, since a low level of native component (upon consumption) yields smaller amounts of activation products during in vivo activation. Thus, the ratio between activation product and native component appears to be a more sensitive indicator of in vivo activation than the activation product alone (Nurnberger and Bhakdi, 1984). Monitoring of complement targeted drugs such as eculizumab is usually done by using CH50 or AH50 to monitor inhibitory efficacy (Peffault de Latour et al., 2015; Volokhina et al., 2015; Andreguetto et al., 2015).
Complement analysis in the 21st century
2007, Molecular ImmunologyMethods for assessing complement activation in the clinical immunology laboratory
1993, Journal of Immunological Methods
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This work forms part of a doctoral dissertation by W. Nürnberger to be presented to the Fachbereich Humanmedizin, University of Giessen.