Table 2

Factors associated with 90-day mortality: unadjusted univariable Cox regression analysis

CharacteristicEstimate of effect HR (95% CI)P valueq-value*
Probable CAPA1.15 (0.68 to 1.95)0.590.72
Female gender0.76 (0.51 to 1.12)0.170.47
Age (per 5-year increase)1.15 (1.07 to 1.25) <0.001 0.002
Ethnicity
 White
 Asian1.40 (0.93 to 2.11)0.110.37
 Black0.76 (0.43 to 1.37)0.360.68
 Other1.23 (0.70 to 2.16)0.480.68
COPD2.39 (1.21 to 4.71) 0.012 0.051
Smoking history1.18 (0.78 to 1.78)0.430.68
BMI (per point increase)0.99 (0.96 to 1.02)0.420.68
Diabetes0.88 (0.59 to 1.31)0.520.69
Hypertension0.94 (0.66 to 1.36)0.760.86
EORTC host criteria1.31 (0.64 to 2.68)0.460.68
APACHE II (per 3-point increase)1.18 (1.09 to 1.27) <0.001 <0.001
Received ECMO0.97 (0.63 to 1.51)0.900.95
Received IL-6 inhibitor0.82 (0.56 to 1.21)0.300.68
Steroid dose 28 days prior to ICU admission (per 100 mg pred-eq)1.06 (1.01 to 1.12) 0.016 0.056
  • Possible CAPA classified as no CAPA for this analysis. Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.

  • *False discovery rate correction for multiple testing.

  • APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; BMI, body mass index; CAPA, COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EORTC, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer; ICU, intensive care unit; IL, interleukin; pred-eq, prednisolone equivalent.