Unadjusted rates of COVID-19-related outcomes by exposure status on the unweighted subgroups and adjusted association between clinically significant OSA (primary definition) and COVID-19-related outcomes
| Outcomes | Non-OSA group (unweighted) | PAP group (unweighted) | Cause-specific HR (95% CI) | |||
| N=4 588 200 | N=324 029 | ATT weighted samples (primary analysis) | ATE weighted samples (sensitivity analysis) | |||
| N (%) | Rate per 1000 person-year (95% CI) | N (%) | Rate per 1000 person-year (95% CI) | |||
| Contracting COVID-19 | ||||||
| COVID-19-positive test result | 83 373 (1.82) | 17.7 (17.5 to 17.8) | 6855 (2.12) | 20.6 (20.2 to 21.1) | 1.17 (1.13 to 1.21) | 1.18 (1.11 to 1.25) |
| Serious complications from COVID-19 | ||||||
| COVID-19-related ED visit | 16 138 (0.35) | 3.4 (3.4 to 3.5) | 2476 (0.76) | 7.4 (7.1 to 7.7) | 1.62 (1.51 to 1.73) | 1.68 (1.54 to 1.82) |
| COVID-19-related hospitalisation | 4095 (0.09) | 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9) | 967 (0.30) | 2.9 (2.7 to 3.1) | 1.50 (1.37 to 1.65) | 1.60 (1.43 to 1.79) |
| COVID-19-related ICU admission | 1028 (0.02) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | 300 (0.09) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | 1.53 (1.27 to 1.84) | 1.84 (1.52 to 2.22) |
| COVID-19-related mortality* | 1566 (0.03) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | 244 (0.08) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) | 0.98 (0.82 to 1.16) | 0.83 (0.68 to 1.02) |
*Death within 30 days of the positive test.
ATE, the average treatment effect; ATT, the average treatment effect on the treated; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea; PAP, positive airway pressure.