Table 5

Tuberculosis studies handling and reporting of patients with presumed tuberculosis found not to have tuberculosis

CountryDiagnosesManagementHistory of tuberculosisPrevious tuberculosis testingWHO estimated incidence
(year of study)
Tuberculosis
(per 100 000)		HIV
(per 1000)
Affolabi et al (2011)32 BeninNR15 days erythromycinNRNR710.69
Boehme et al (2011)19 South AfricaNRNRNRNR126010.29
UgandaNRNRNRNR2133.55
Bruchfeld et al (2002)20 Ethiopia8 pneumocystis pneumoniaNR66*NRNR1.79
Cuevas et al (2011)24 EthiopiaNRNRNRNR2960.44
NigeriaNRNRNRNR2190.79
Deribew et al (2012)28 EthiopiaNRNRNRNR2820.41
Dorman et al (2018)25 South Africa (Cape Town)NRNR59NR8055.45
South Africa (Johanesburg)NRNR55NR8055.45
KenyaNRNR20NR3481.17
UgandaNRNR15NR2011.89
Hamusse et al (2017)29 EthiopiaNRNRNRNR2240.25
Hanrahan et al (2014)26 South Africa9 non-tuberculous mycobacteriaNRNRNR12008.67
Huerga et al (2012)33 Kenya11 non-tuberculous mycobacteria5 days amoxicillin92NR5662.22
Jayasooriya et al (2019)6 The Gambia2 malignancy:
2 lung
1 haematological		Clinically indicated16*NR1621.07
32 other respiratory tract infections
8 pneumonia
4 asthma
2 pleural effusions
1 lung abscess
10 heart failure
2 structural heart disease
1 ischaemic heart disease
2 chronic renal failure
43 unknown
Lawson et al (2008)27 NigeriaNRNRNRNR2190.91
Ling et al (2011)18 South AfricaNRNRNRNR12008.67
Merid et al (2019)30 EthiopiaNRNR151*NR1770.2
Munyati et al (2005)†21 Zimbabwe178 other respiratory tract infectionsClinically indicated97NR6078.67
87 bacterial pneumonia
34 fibrotic lung disease:
28 post-tuberculous disease
2 idiopathic diffuse fibrosis
26 asthma
8 pneumocystis pneumonia
5 cryptococcosis
15 heart failure
5 malignancy:
3 Kaposi sarcoma
1 primary bronchus
1 metastatic breast
16 unknown
Nliwasa et al (2016)22 MalawiNRNRNRNR2613.2
Reither et al (2010)23 TanzaniaNRNRNRNR4922.75
Sekandi et al (2014)31 UgandaNRNRNRNR2173.7
Theron et al (2011)17 South AfricaNRNR158NR127011.82

  • *History of tuberculosis in participants without tuberculosis,

  • †Participants diagnosed with multiple conditions.

  • NR, not reported.