Table 1

Summary of CO2e (kg) categories by inhaler type

InhalerCO2e kg/inhaler*†Actuations per inhaler
Small-volume SABA (Salamol)9.870*200
Large-volume SABA (VENTOLIN)25.260*200
SAMA (Atrovent)14.590*200
LABA (Salmeterol)17.300*120
ICS (Clenil)20.350*200
HFA-134a ICS/LABA19.650*120
HFA-227ea ICS/LABA36.500*120
RELVAR ELLIPTA‡0.800†30
VENTOLIN ACCUHALER (DISKUS)§0.600†60
  • *Wilkinson et al.5

  • †Janson et al.11

  • ‡All maintenance dry powder inhalers (ELLIPTA plus others) were categorised as having CO2e kg/pack of 0.8.

  • §All rescue medication dry powder inhalers were categorised as having CO2e kg/pack of 0.6.

  • CO2e, carbon dioxide equivalent; HFA, hydrofluoroalkane; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting beta2-agonist; SABA, short-acting beta2-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist.