Table 4

Influencing factors on costs of care at baseline

VariableOne-part modelTwo-part model
Total costsDirect medical costsNon-medical costsIndirect costs
Utilisation probabilityCosts per user
ImpactP-valueImpactP-valueImpactP-valueORP-valueImpactP-value
Age (years)0.899<0.0010.882<0.0010.931<0.0010.891 <0.0010.9810.088
Sex (female)1.160.3711.220.4811.610.1711.120.3090.9050.363
Category (B)1.56<0.0011.770.0141.520.0531.390.0021.020.846
Other countries* 0.7130.0020.6720.0510.9010.6070.448 <0.0010.9160.643
  • The estimates (exp(β)) are the results of GLMs using gamma regression and log-link function, adjusted for age, gender, country of treatment and disease category.

  • The reference categories were defined as follows: female versus male, category (A) versus category (B), other countries versus Germany

  • *UK, Poland, Turkey, Italy, Denmark, Switzerland, Spain, Hungary and Austria.

  • GLM, generalised linear model.