Table 1

Patient characteristics at cohort entry and by Pseudomonas aeruginosa event in 21 408 patients with COPD

All patients P. aeruginosa-positive patients P. aeruginosa-negative patientsP value* Adjusted OR (95% CI)†
No of subjects21 408 (100)763 (3.6)20 645 (96.4)
Demographics
 Age (year), median (IQR)69 (62–76)70 (64–76)69 (62–76)0.00071.08 (1.08 to 1.09)
 Male9619 (44.9)346 (45.4)9273 (44.9)0.82411.25 (1.17 to 1.34)
 BMI, median (IQR)25 (21–29)23(20-27)25 (21–29)<0.0001
  Unknown BMI4527 (21.1)130 (17.0)4397 (21.3)
 BMI class:
  <18.5 kg/m2 1681 (7.9)95 (12.5)1586 (7.7)<0.00010.81 (0.78 to 0.84)
  18.5–24.9 kg/m2 6398 (29.9)268 (35.1)6130 (29.7)
  25–29.9 kg/m2 5018 (23.4)180 (23.6)4838 (23.4)
  30–34.9 kg/m2 2457 (11.5)61 (8.0)2396 (11.6)
  ≥35 kg/m2 5854 (27.3)159 (20.8)5695 (27.6)
Pulmonary parameters
 MRC, median (IQR)3 (2–4)3 (3–4)3 (2–4)
  Unknown MRC4823 (21.9)173 (19.1)4650 (22.0)<0.0001
 FEV1% predicted, median (IQR)49 (36–63)39 (30–50)49 (36–63)
  Unknown FEV1%4293 (20.1)126 (16.5)4167 (20.2)<0.0001
 FEV1% predicted, severity of spirometric obstruction:
  ≥801108 (5.2)15 (2.0)1093 (5.3)<0.00011.77 (1.69 to 1.86)
  50–797227 (33.8)152 (19.9)7075 (34.3)
  30–496416 (30.0)314 (41.1)6102 (29.6)
  <306657 (31.1)282 (37.0)6375 (30.9)
Smoking status
 Active6590 (30.8)217 (28.4)6373 (30.8)<0.00011.39 (1.28 to 1.49)
 Former ≤6 months591 (2.8)10 (1.3)581 (2.8)
 Former >6 months9386 (43.8)395 (51.8)8991 (43.6)
 Never576 (2.7)17 (2.2)559 (2.7)
 Unknown4265 (19.9)124 (16.3)4141 (20.1)
Hospital-requiring COPD exacerbation 12 months prior to cohort entry
 010 301 (48.1)281 (36.8)10 020 (48.5)<0.0001
 14082 (19.1)134 (17.6)3948 (19.1)
 ≥27025 (32.8)348 (45.6)6677 (32.3)
All-cause hospitalisation 12 months prior to cohort entry11 840 (55.3)459 (60.2)11 381 (55.1)0.0061
Comorbidity
 Inflammatory polyarthropathy477 (2.2)6 (0.79)471 (2.3)0.0037
 Systemic connective tissue disorder497 (2.3)23 (3.0)474 (2.3)0.2186
 Myocardial infarction1661 (7.8)60 (7.9)1601 (7.8)0.8904
 Atrial fibrillation3106 (14.5)104 (13.6)3002 (14.5)0.5298
 Heart failure3511 (16.4)119 (15.6)3392 (16.4)0.5839
 Hypertension6670 (31.1)228 (29.9)6442 (31.2)0.4498
 Renal failure936 (4.4)34 (4.5)902 (4.4)0.8571
 Peripheral vascular disease1706 (8.0)58 (7.6)1648 (8.0)0.7853
 Cerebrovascular disease2041 (9.5)63 (8.3)1978 (9.6)0.2334
 Diabetes mellitus, type 22654 (12.1)106 (11.7)2548 (12.0)0.2334
 Asthma3097 (14.5)145 (19.0)2952 (14.3)0.0004
 Bronchiectasis209 (0.98)14 (1.8)195 (0.94)0.0223
Use of medication 12 months prior to cohort entry
Oral corticosteroids‡
 No use13 159 (61.5)315 (41.3)12 844 (62.2)<0.0001
 Low dose6119 (28.6)306 (40.1)5813 (28.2)
 High dose2130 (10.0)142 (18.6)1988 (9.6)
 Accumulated dose (mg), median (IQR)625 (250–000)1000 (500–2500)500 (250–2000)<0.0001
Respiratory inhalation medicine
 Long-acting beta2-agonist or long-acting muscarin-antagonist13 869 (64.8)662 (86.8)13 207 (64.0)<0.0001
Antibiotics §12 324 (57.6)598 (78.4)11 726 (56.8)<0.00011.14 (1.07 to 1.23)
Theophylline691 (3.2)55 (7.2)636 (3.1)<0.0001
  • Data are presented as n (%) or median (IQR), unless otherwise specified.

  • *Group comparison was performed using non-parametric test (Wilcoxon two-sample test) and Fisher’s exact test.

  • †The model is adjusted for all variables displayed in this column, calendar year and the accumulated ICS dose 365 days prior to cohort entry.

  • ‡Low dose: accumulated dose <1825 mg; high dose: accumulated dose ≥1825 mg.

  • §Any antibiotic drug.

  • BMI, body mass index; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; MRC, Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale.