Age-standardised COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation rates per 100 000 population, stratified by asthma status
| Exposure | Deaths involving COVID-19 | COVID-19 hospitalisation | Population | Age-standardised mortality rates per 100 000 | Age-standardised hospitalisation rates per 100 000 |
| Adults (18+), ICS | |||||
| No asthma | 106 636 | 291 685 | 32 530 602 | 304.4 (302.6 to 306.2) | 857.3 (854.1 to 860.4) |
| No ICS | 2052 | 6086 | 565 114 | 408.8 (391.0 to 426.6) | 1166.3 (1136.8 to 1195.8) |
| Low ICS | 5211 | 18 689 | 1 451 443 | 317.4 (308.6 to 326.2) | 1175.4 (1158.2 to 1192.6) |
| Medium ICS | 3201 | 10 907 | 519 294 | 439.8 (424.1 to 455.5) | 1729.2 (1693.8 to 1764.6) |
| High ICS | 1156 | 3696 | 136 080 | 554.9 (521.2 to 588.6) | 2074.4 (1999.4 to 2149.4) |
| Adults (18+), OCS | |||||
| No asthma | 106 636 | 291 685 | 32 530 602 | 304.4 (302.6 to 306.2) | 857.3 (854.1 to 860.4) |
| 0 OCS | 7146 | 24 898 | 2 072 475 | 322.0 (314.5 to 329.6) | 1132.9 (1118.6 to 1147.1) |
| 1 OCS | 1519 | 5457 | 307 486 | 399.4 (378.9 to 419.9) | 1570.6 (1527.2 to 1613.9) |
| 2+OCS | 2955 | 9023 | 291 970 | 624.2 (600.2 to 648.3) | 2369.0 (2312.3 to 2425.7) |
| Children (12-17), OCS | COVID-19 hospitalisation | Population | Hospitalisation rates per 100 000 | ||
| No asthma | – | 2625 | 2 780 630 | – | 94.4 (90.8 to 98.0) |
| 0 OCS | – | 254 | 197 867 | – | 128.4 (112.6 to 144.1) |
| 1 OCS | – | 32 | 12 944 | – | 247.2 (161.7 to 332.8) |
| 2+ OCS | – | 19 | 5062 | – | 375.3 (206.9 to 543.8) |
The rates were standardised to the 2013 European Standardised population. 95% CIs of the age standardised rates in brackets.
ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; OCS, oral corticosteroids.