SARS-CoV-2 studies overview
| Author(s) | Year | Study design | Sample size | Age reporting (years) | FU | Severity | Selection bias | Quantitative synthesis |
| Anastasio et al24 | 2021 | P Cohort | 222 | Median +IQR 58(53–67) | 4 | 1 | 0 | d,r |
| Arnold et al4 | 2020 | P Cohort | 110 | Median +IQR 60 (46–73) | 3 | 1 | 0 | r |
| Barisione et al25 | 2021 | P Cohort | 94 | Mean+SD 61 (12.1) | 1 | 1 | 0 | i,f,d |
| Bellan et al26 | 2021 | P Cohort | 238 | Median +IQR 61 (50–71) | 4 | 1 | 1 | d,r |
| Boari et al27 | 2021 | P Cohort | 94 | Mean+SD 66 (11) | 4 | 1 | 1 | f,d |
| Bonnesen et al28 | 2021 | P Cohort | 12 | Median +IQR 62 (57–67) | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| Cao et al29 | 2021 | P Cohort | 81 | Mean+SD 45 (15) | 3 | 1 | 0 | i,f,r |
| Crisafulli et al30 | 2021 | P Cohort | 81 | Mean+SD 66.5 (11.2) | 4 | 1 | 0 | d,r |
| Daher et al31 | 2020 | P Cohort | 33 | Mean+SD 64 (3) | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | d,r |
| de Graaf et al32 | 2021 | P Cohort | 81 | Mean+SD 61 (13) | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | – |
| Ekbom et al33 | 2021 | P Cohort | 60 | Mean+range 59(27–82) | 4 | 2 | 1 | d,r |
| Finney et al34 | 2021 | P Cohort | 50 | Median +IQR 54.5 (44–59) | 1.5 | 2 | 1 | – |
| Frija-Masson et al35 | 2021 | P Cohort | 137 | Median +IQR 59 (50–68) | 3 | 1 | 1 | i,f,d,r |
| Froidure et al36 | 2021 | P Cohort | 134 | Median +IQR 60 (53–68) | 3 | 2 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| Gianella et al37 | 2021 | P Cohort | 39 | Median +IQR 62.5 (51–71) | 3 | 1 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| González et al38 | 2021 | P Cohort | 62 | Median +IQR 60 (48–65) | 3 | 2 | 1 | i,f,d,r |
| Gulati et al39 | 2021 | R Case series | 12 | Mean+range 65.1 (35–89) | 3 | 1 | 1 | – |
| Guler et al40 | 2021 | P Cohort | 113 | Mean+SD 57.22 (12.11) | 4 | 1 | 0 | i,f |
| Han et al41 | 2021 | P Cohort | 114 | Mean+SD 54 (12) | 6 | 2 | 1 | i,f,d |
| Huang et al42 | 2021 | P Cohort | 1733 | Median +IQR 57 (47–65) | 6 | 1 | 1 | i,f,d,r |
| Huang et al43 | 2020 | P Cross-Sectional | 57 | Mean+SD 46.72 (13.78) | 1 | 1 | 1 | f,d,r |
| Labarca et al44 | 2021 | P Cross-Sectional | 42 | Mean+SD 48 (10.75) | 4 | 1 | 1 | i,f,d |
| Lago et al45 | 2021 | R Case series | 4 | Median +SD 64 (5.6) | 2 | 1 | 1 | – |
| Lerum et al46 | 2021 | P Cohort | 103 | Median +IQR 59 (49–72) | 3 | 1 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| Li et al47 | 2020 | R Cohort | 53 | Mean+SD 50.2 (15.2) | 8 | 1 | 0 | – |
| Li et al48 | 2021 | P Cohort | 289 | Mean+SD 43.6 (17.4) | 6 | 1 | 1 | i,f,d,r |
| Liang et al49 | 2020 | P Cohort | 76 | Mean+SR 41.3 (13.8) | 3 | 1 | 1 | d,r |
| Liu et al50 | 2020 | R Cohort | 51 | mean+SR 46.6 (13.9) | 2 | NA | 0 | i,f |
| Liu et al52 | 2021 | P Cohort | 41 | Mean+SD 50(14) | 7 | 1 | 0 | i,f |
| Liu et al51 | 2020 | P Cohort | 149 | Mean+IQR 43 (36–56) | 1 | 1 | 0 | i,f |
| Liu et al53 | 2020 | R Cohort | 99 | Means+SD 56.13 (20.7) | 2 | 1 | 1 | – |
| Lombardi et al54 | 2021 | P Cohort | 86 | Mean+SD 58 (13) | 1 | 1 | 1 | d,r |
| Lv et al55 | 2020 | R Cohort | 137 | Mean+SD 47 (13) | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | – |
| McGroder et al56 | 2021 | p Cohort | 76 | Mean+SD 54 (13.7) | 4 | 1 | 1 | i,f |
| Miwa et al57 | 2021 | R Case series | 17 | Median +IQR 63 (59–67) | 3 | 2 | 1 | – |
| Morin et al58 | 2021 | P Cohort | 177 | Mean+SD 56.9 (13.2) | 4 | 1 | 1 | i,f,d, |
| Myall et al59 | 2021 | P Cohort | 325 | Mean+SD 60.5 (10.7) | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | – |
| Noel-Savina et al60 | 2021 | P Cohort | 72 | Mean+SD 60.5 (12.8) | 4 | 1 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| Núñez-fernández et al61 | 2021 | P Cohort | 225 | Median +IQR 62 (50– 71) | 3 | 1 | 0 | d,r |
| Polese et al62 | 2021 | P Cohort | 41 | Mean+SD 51(14) | 1 | 2 | 1 | – |
| Qin et al63 | 2021 | P Cohort | 81 | Mean+SD 59 (14) | 3 | 1 | 1 | i,f,d,r |
| Raman et al64 | 2021 | P Cohort | 58 | Mean+SD 55.4 (13.2) | 3 | 1 | 0 | r |
| Ramani et al65 | 2021 | P Case series | 28 | Mean+SD 55.5 (11.9) | 1.5 | 2 | 0 | d,r |
| Santus et al70 | 2021 | P Cohort | 20 | Mean+SD 58.3 (15.5) | 1.5 | 1 | 0 | – |
| Schandl et al67 | 2021 | P Cohort | 113 | Mean+SD 58 (12.8) | 6 | 2 | 1 | d,r |
| Shah et al68 | 2020 | P Cohort | 60 | Median +IQR 67 (54–74) | 3 | 1 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| Sibila et al69 | 2021 | P Cohort | 172 | Mean+SD 56.1 (19.8) | 3 | 1 | 0 | d,r |
| Smet et al70 | 2021 | P Cross-Sectional | 220 | Mean+SD 53 (13) | 1.5 | 1 | 0 | i,d,r |
| Strumiliene et al71 | 2021 | P Cohort | 51 | Mean+SD 56 (11.72) | 2 | 1 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| Tabatabaei et al72 | 2020 | R Cohort | 52 | Mean+SD 50.17 (13.1) | 3 | 1 | 1 | i,f |
| van der Sar et al73 | 2020 | P Cohort | 101 | Mean+SD 66.4 (12.6) | 1.5 | 1 | 0 | d,r |
| van Gassel et al*74 75 | 2020 | P Cohort | 46 | Median +IQR 62 (55–68) | 7* | 2 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| Wei et al76 | 2020 | R Cohort | 59 | Mean+range 41 (25–70) | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | i,f |
| Wu et al77 | 2021 | P Cohort | 54 | Mean+SD 48 (15.4) | 6 | 1 | 1 | i,f,d,r |
| Wu et al78 | 2021 | P Cohort | 83 | Median +IQR 60 (52–66) | 12 | 2 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| Yasin et al79 | 2021 | R Cohort | 210 | Mean+SD 53.85 (24.8) | 2 | 1 | 0 | f |
| Yu et al80 | 2020 | R Cohort | 32 | Mean+SD 47.05 (17.85) | 0.3 | 1 | 1 | i,f |
| Zhang et al81 | 2021 | R Cohort | 50 | Median +IQR 57(40–68) | 8 | 1 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| Zhao et al82 | 2020 | R Cohort | 55 | Mean+SD 47.74 (15.49) | 3 | 1 | 0 | i,f,d,r |
| Zhong et al83 | 2020 | R Cohort | 52 | Mean+SD 45.46 (13.74) | 1 | 1 | 1 | i,f |
Study design: P: prospective; R: retrospective
Severity score: 0=mild/moderate cohort, 1=mixed cohort, 2=severe/critical cohort (eg, patients admitted to ICU). Patients admitted to respiratory ward, or with no mention to ventilatory therapy were deemed as mild/moderate. Patients admitted to ICU, or requiring mechanical ventilation were considered as severe/critical.
Selection bias: 0=very low/low risk of bias, 1=high risk of bias (<60% of screened patients were included, unclear inclusion criteria or strict inclusion criteria, for example, included only patients with CT scans at follow-up).
Quantitative synthesis, outcomes reported: i: radiological inflammatory findings; f: radiological fibrotic findings; r: functional restrictive impairment; d: functional diffusion impairment.
*van Gassel et al published two papers describing results from the same cohort. We extracted data from both the manuscripts, according to the longest follow-up.
FU, follow-up in months; ICU, intensive care unit.