Clinical features of the included patients and controls
| Patients (n=36) | Healthy controls (n=36) | SCD controls (n=21) | |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Female | 24 (67%) | 24 (67%) | 10 (48%) |
| Geographic origin, n (%) | |||
| Sub-Saharan Africa/West Indies | 23 (64%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (100%) |
| North Africa | 6 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Europe | 5 (14%) | 36 (100%) | 0 (0%) |
| Asia/Middle East | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Age at diagnosis (years), median, (IQR)** | 12.4 (9.53–13.15) | ||
| Age at inclusion (years), median, (IQR)†† | 19.7 (15–23) | 19.8 (5–38) | 16.7 (3–30) |
| Number of coresidents, median (IQR) | 3 (2.75–3) | 3 (3–3) | 2.7 (2–3) |
| Family cases, n (%) | 3 (8.3%) | ||
| Clinical features at diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| General fatigue | 17 (47%) | ||
| Fever | 13 (36%) | ||
| Weight loss | 7 (47%) | ||
| Pulmonary localisation | 34 (94%) | ||
| Extrapulmonary localisation | 34 (94%) | ||
| Liver | 21 (58%) | ||
| Lymphadenopathies | 17 (47%) | ||
| Salivary glands | 14 (39%) | ||
| Eyes | 13 (36%) | ||
| Spleen | 7 (19.4%) | ||
| Joints | 7 (19.4%) | ||
| Skin | 5 (14%) | ||
| Stomach | 5 (14%) | ||
| Kidney | 4 (11%) | ||
| Bone marrow | 2 (5.5%) | ||
| Heart | 2 (5.5%) | ||
| Tonsils | 1 (2.7%) | ||
| Histology, n (%) | |||
| Non-caseating granuloma | 33 (91.7%) | ||
| Treatments, n (%) | |||
| Corticosteroids, n (%) | 34 (94%) | ||
| Oral only | 12 (33%) | ||
| Intravenous pulse only | 1 (2.9%) | ||
| Both oral and intravenous | 21 (58%) | ||
| Other drugs‡ | 10 (27.7%) | ||
| No treatment | 2 (5.5%) | ||
The explorations assessing the sarcoidosis diagnosis of the 36 included patients are provided in online supplemental table S1.
IQR: 25–75.
*Extreme values (minimal–maximal) (1–15.9).
†Extreme values (minimal–maximal) (4–36), (5–38) and (3–30), respectively.
‡Methotrexate, azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil.
SCD, sickle-cell disease.