ORs adjusted for maternal smoking during pregnancy, child’s sex of high (≥P75) specific pesticide exposures and childhood allergic outcomes during last 12 months unless indicated elsewise, ISA study at 5 years of age, Matina County, Costa Rica 2015–2016
| Current nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis) (n=63) | Current itchy rash (atopic eczema) (n=39) | Ever doctor-diagnosed eczema (n=21) | ||||
| OR† | 95% CI | OR† | 95% CI | OR† | 95% CI | |
| Prenatal metabolites* (n=303) | ||||||
| TCP | 0.49 | 0.22 to 0.98 | 0.79 | 0.33 to 1.74 | 0.68 | 0.19 to 1.91 |
| ETU | 0.74 | 0.36 to 1.42 | 0.66 | 0.26 to 1.51 | 0.68 | 0.19 to 1.91 |
| OHP | 1.39 | 0.74 to 2.54 | 1.03 | 0.45 to 2.21 | 2.39 | 0.94 to 5.9 |
| OHT | 0.64 | 0.31 to 1.25 | 1.37 | 0.63 to 2.86 | 0.94 | 0.3 to 2.49 |
| 2,4-D | 1.36 | 0.72 to 2.51 | 1.22 | 0.55 to 2.56 | 0.95 | 0.3 to 2.54 |
| 3PBA | 1.24 | 0.65 to 2.28 | 0.53 | 0.2 to 1.22 | 1.56 | 0.57 to 3.93 |
| DCCA | 1.01 | 0.52 to 1.89 | 1.13 | 0.5 to 2.38 | 1.21 | 0.42 to 3.12 |
| ∑ Pyrethroid† | 1.01 | 0.52 to 1.88 | 0.8 | 0.33 to 1.76 | 1.57 | 0.57 to 3.97 |
| Child metabolites* (n=293) | ||||||
| TCP | 0.96 | 0.48 to 1.8 | 0.58 | 0.22 to 1.33 | 0.92 | 0.29 to 2.44 |
| ETU | 0.51 | 0.23 to 1.04 | 1.37 | 0.63 to 2.86 | 0.29 | 0.05 to 1.05 |
| OHP | 1.32 | 0.69 to 2.44 | 1.24 | 0.55 to 2.62 | 0.68 | 0.19 to 1.92 |
| OHT | 1.19 | 0.62 to 2.21 | 1.56 | 0.73 to 3.24 | 0.29 | 0.05 to 1.04 |
| 2,4-D | 1.19 | 0.62 to 2.21 | 1.16 | 0.52 to 2.45 | 1.24 | 0.43 to 3.21 |
| 3PBA | 0.85 | 0.42 to 1.63 | 2.58 | 1.25 to 5.27 | 1.23 | 0.42 to 3.18 |
| DCCA | 0.76 | 0.37 to 1.46 | 2.08 | 0.99 to 4.27 | 1.19 | 0.41 to 3.06 |
| ∑ Pyrethroid† | 0.85 | 0.43 to 1.63 | 2.74 | 1.33 to 5.6 | 1.55 | 0.57 to 3.89 |
*Variables dichotomised at 75th percentile; reference: below 75th percentile
†∑ Pyrethroid: sum of PBA and DCCA.
2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; ETU, ethylenethiourea; ISA, Infants’ Environmental Health Study; OHP, hydroxypyrimethanil; OHT, 5-hydroxythiabendazole; 3-PBA, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; 3-PBA, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, DCCA: 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; TCP, 3,5,6 trichloro-2-pyridinol.