Table 5

Tuberculosis studies handling and reporting of patients with presumed tuberculosis found not to have tuberculosis

CountryDiagnosesManagementHistory of tuberculosisPrevious tuberculosis testingWHO estimated incidence
(year of study)
Tuberculosis
(per 100 000)
HIV
(per 1000)
Affolabi et al (2011)32BeninNR15 days erythromycinNRNR710.69
Boehme et al (2011)19South AfricaNRNRNRNR126010.29
UgandaNRNRNRNR2133.55
Bruchfeld et al (2002)20Ethiopia8 pneumocystis pneumoniaNR66*NRNR1.79
Cuevas et al (2011)24EthiopiaNRNRNRNR2960.44
NigeriaNRNRNRNR2190.79
Deribew et al (2012)28EthiopiaNRNRNRNR2820.41
Dorman et al (2018)25South Africa (Cape Town)NRNR59NR8055.45
South Africa (Johanesburg)NRNR55NR8055.45
KenyaNRNR20NR3481.17
UgandaNRNR15NR2011.89
Hamusse et al (2017)29EthiopiaNRNRNRNR2240.25
Hanrahan et al (2014)26South Africa9 non-tuberculous mycobacteriaNRNRNR12008.67
Huerga et al (2012)33Kenya11 non-tuberculous mycobacteria5 days amoxicillin92NR5662.22
Jayasooriya et al (2019)6The Gambia2 malignancy:
2 lung
1 haematological
Clinically indicated16*NR1621.07
32 other respiratory tract infections
8 pneumonia
4 asthma
2 pleural effusions
1 lung abscess
10 heart failure
2 structural heart disease
1 ischaemic heart disease
2 chronic renal failure
43 unknown
Lawson et al (2008)27NigeriaNRNRNRNR2190.91
Ling et al (2011)18South AfricaNRNRNRNR12008.67
Merid et al (2019)30EthiopiaNRNR151*NR1770.2
Munyati et al (2005)†21Zimbabwe178 other respiratory tract infectionsClinically indicated97NR6078.67
87 bacterial pneumonia
34 fibrotic lung disease:
28 post-tuberculous disease
2 idiopathic diffuse fibrosis
26 asthma
8 pneumocystis pneumonia
5 cryptococcosis
15 heart failure
5 malignancy:
3 Kaposi sarcoma
1 primary bronchus
1 metastatic breast
16 unknown
Nliwasa et al (2016)22MalawiNRNRNRNR2613.2
Reither et al (2010)23TanzaniaNRNRNRNR4922.75
Sekandi et al (2014)31UgandaNRNRNRNR2173.7
Theron et al (2011)17South AfricaNRNR158NR127011.82
  • *History of tuberculosis in participants without tuberculosis,

  • †Participants diagnosed with multiple conditions.

  • NR, not reported.