Characteristic | Overall, N=76 588* | Ventilatory support or HDU/ICU, N=14 771* | Died, N=12 581* | No deterioration, N=45 726* | (Missing), N=3510* |
Age (years) | 72 (57–83) | 65 (54–75) | 84 (77–89) | 70 (54–82) | 75 (60–84) |
Missing | 27 (<0.1) | 4 (<0.1) | 5 (<0.1) | 7 (<0.1) | 11 (<0.1) |
Sex | |||||
Female | 35 231 (46) | 5307 (36) | 5533 (44) | 22 717 (50) | 1674 (48) |
Male | 41 250 (54) | 9447 (64) | 7028 (56) | 22 955 (50) | 1820 (52) |
Missing | 107 (0.1) | 17 (0.1) | 20 (0.2) | 54 (0.1) | 16 (0.5) |
Ethnicity | |||||
White | 56 578 (85) | 10 063 (78) | 10 291 (92) | 33 567 (84) | 2657 (90) |
South Asian | 4098 (6.1) | 1179 (9.2) | 294 (2.6) | 2565 (6.4) | 60 (2.0) |
Black | 1536 (2.3) | 389 (3.0) | 95 (0.9) | 1005 (2.5) | 47 (1.6) |
East Asian | 337 (0.5) | 105 (0.8) | 32 (0.3) | 188 (0.5) | 12 (0.4) |
Other | 4257 (6.4) | 1108 (8.6) | 423 (3.8) | 2565 (6.4) | 161 (5.5) |
Missing | 9782 (13) | 1927 (13) | 1446 (11) | 5836 (13) | 573 (16) |
SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive | 69 260 (99) | 13 226 (99) | 11 642 (99) | 41 935 (99) | 2457 (99) |
Missing | 6841 (8.9) | 1432 (9.7) | 873 (6.9) | 3502 (7.7) | 1034 (29) |
Number of comorbidities | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) |
One or more comorbidities | 52 704 (73) | 10 118 (71) | 10 865 (91) | 30 102 (68) | 1619 (46) |
Missing | 3985 (5.2) | 478 (3.2) | 621 (4.9) | 1674 (3.7) | 1212 (35) |
Nosocomial infection | 9603 (13) | 553 (3.8) | 2489 (20) | 6088 (14) | 473 (16) |
Missing | 1973 (2.6) | 132 (0.9) | 329 (2.6) | 1027 (2.2) | 485 (14) |
Radiographic infiltrates | 26 079 (64) | 8320 (81) | 3563 (59) | 13 485 (58) | 711 (54) |
Missing | 35 735 (46) | 4533 (31) | 6569 (52) | 22 450 (49) | 2183 (62) |
Respiratory rate (per min) | 20 (18–24) | 24 (20–30) | 20 (18–24) | 20 (18–23) | 20 (18–23) |
Missing | 6535 (8.5) | 760 (5.1) | 962 (7.6) | 3431 | 1382 (39) |
SpO2 (%) | 96 (93–97) | 94 (89–96) | 96 (93–97) | 96 (94–98) | 96 (94–97) |
SpO2 <94% | 18 897 (27) | 6672 (48) | 3324 (24) | 8373 (74) | 528 (3.9) |
Missing | 6401 (8.4) | 763 (5.1) | 964 (7.7) | 3405 (7.4) | 1269 (36) |
Room air or oxygen | |||||
Room air | 47 061 (68) | 5885 (42) | 7810 (68) | 31 831 (76) | 1535 (70) |
Oxygen | 22 384 (32) | 8018 (58) | 3655 (32) | 10 038 (24) | 673 (30) |
Missing | 7143 (9.3) | 868 (5.9) | 1116 (8.9) | 3857 (8.4) | 1302 (37) |
Glasgow Coma Scale | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) |
Missing | 6332 (8.2) | 873 (5.9) | 1189 (9.5) | 2780 (6.1) | 1490 (42) |
Lymphocytes (x10ˆ9 /L) | 0.90 (0.60–1.30) | 0.80 (0.56–1.10) | 0.80 (0.50–1.18) | 0.98 (0.70–1.40) | 0.90 (0.60–1.27) |
Missing | 16 087 (21) | 1448 (11) | 3073 (24) | 10 778 (23.6) | 788 (22) |
Urea (mmol/L) | 6.6 (4.6–9.9) | 6.9 (4.9–10.3) | 9.7 (6.6–15.1) | 5.9 (4.3–8.6) | 6.5 (4.6–9.7) |
Missing | 20 552 (27) | 2403 (16) | 3701 (29) | 13 405 (29) | 1043 |
C reactive protein (mg/L) | 69 (27–133) | 109 (57–181) | 76 (34–142) | 55 (20–110) | 57 (22–114) |
Missing | 21 543 (28) | 2262 (15) | 3863 (31) | 14 320 (31) | 1098 |
NHS region | |||||
East of England | 9507 (12) | 1446 (9.8) | 1819 (14) | 5132 (11) | 1110 (32) |
London | 3886 (5.1) | 1272 (8.6) | 306 (2.4) | 2184 (4.8) | 124 (3.5) |
Midlands | 17 988 (23) | 3043 (21) | 3100 (25) | 11 333 (25) | 512 (15) |
North East and Yorkshire | 12 081 (16) | 2465 (17) | 1845 (15) | 7520 (16) | 251 (7.2) |
Northern Ireland | 31 (<0.1) | 17 (0.1) | 1 (<0.1) | 13 (<0.1) | 0 (0) |
North West | 13 731 (18) | 2847 (19) | 2321 (18) | 8120 (18) | 443 (13) |
Scotland | 1558 (2.0) | 340 (2.3) | 205 (1.6) | 916 (2.0) | 97 (2.8) |
South East | 9530 (12) | 1903 (13) | 1619 (13) | 5672 (12) | 336 (9.6) |
South West | 6485 (8.5) | 1079 (7.3) | 991 (7.9) | 3788 (8.3) | 627 (18) |
Wales | 1791 (2.3) | 359 (2.4) | 374 (3.0) | 1048 (2.3) | 10 (0.3) |
Oxygen received | 49 894 (69) | 14 277 (98) | 9777 (81) | 24 859 (56) | 981 (79) |
Missing | 4249 (5.6) | 176 (1.2) | 546 (4.3) | 1264 (2.8) | 2263 |
Systemic steroids received | 38 417 (54) | 11 769 (84) | 6765 (57) | 19 617 (44) | 266 (47) |
Missing | 5944 (7.8) | 684 (4.6) | 686 (5.5) | 1636 (3.6) | 2938 |
Deterioration | 27 352 (37) | 14 771 (100) | 12 581 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Missing | 3510 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3510 |
Mortality | 18 211 (25) | 5630 (40) | 12 581 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Missing | 4107 (5.4) | 597 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3510 |
Length of stay (days) | 10 (5–19) | 12 (7–21) | 13 (6–22) | 8 (4–17) | 7 (1–23) |
Missing | 6888 (9.0) | 1170 (7.9) | 358 (2.8) | 1867 (4.1) | 3493 |
Data are median (IQR) or n (%), calculated from non-missing data. Participants are shown by the first chronological deterioration category through which they met the composite primary outcome (HDU or ICU admission, ventilatory support or death).
*Statistics presented: median (IQR); n (%).
HDU, high-dependency unit; ICU, intensive care unit; NHS, National Health Service.;