Table 1

Characteristics of MPM subtypes

SubtypeMorphologyMarkersPrognosis
(months)		Genetic alteration*
EpithelioidPolygonalCalretinin, WT-1, mesothelin, CK5/6, podoplanin, HBME-1 antigen, thrombomodulin13.1 CDKN2A, BAP1, NF2, SETD2, LATS1, LATS2, CDKN2B, MST1, MTOR, STK3, DDX3X, DDX51, SETD5, SF3B1 and TRAF7
SarcomatoidSpindle-shapedMostly express only CKs,
calretinin, vimentin and smooth muscle		4 CDKN2A, BAP1, NF2, SETD2, LATS1, LATS2, CDKN2B, MST1, MTOR, SETDB1, TP53, TSC2, ULK2 and SAV1
Biphasic-EMixedMixed8.4 CDKN2A, BAP1, NF2, SETD2, LATS1, LATS2, CDKN2B, MST1, MTOR, TSC1, STK3, DDX3X, DDX51, SETD5, SF3B1, TRAF7, SETDB1, TP53, ULK2 and SAV1
Biphasic-S CDKN2A, BAP1, NF2, SETD2, LATS1, LATS2, CDKN2B, MST1, MTOR, DDX3X, SETD5, SF3B1, TRAF7, SETDB1, TP53, TSC1, TSC2, ULK2 and SAV1
Ref 9 10 10 11 34

  • *Subtypes for genetic alterations refer to the molecular classification based on RNA-sequencing data.

  • CK, cytokeratin; MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma; WT-1, Wilms’ tumour.