List of animal models of MPM
| Animal model | Method (if applicable) | Altered genes (if applicable) | Number of MPM patients (if applicable) | Subtypes of MPM (if applicable) | Tumour rate | Median survival (weeks) | Ref |
| Asbestos/Asbestos--induced | Intrapleural injection of carbon nanotube and asbestos | – | – | NA | 9.4%–25% | 48–80 | 98 |
| Transtracheal intrapulmonary spraying of multiwalled CNT* | – | – | NA | 15.8% | 70–109 | 99 | |
| Conditional mouse model | Intrathoracic injection with Adeno-Cre virus† |
Nf2;p53
(hom, hom) | – | All subtypes | 85.5% | 19.3 | 84 |
|
Nf2;p53
(het, hom) | – | All subtypes | 61.8% | 30.7 | |||
|
Nf2;p53
(hom, het) | – | Epithelioid and sarcomatoid | 40% | 86.4 | |||
| Nf2;Ink4a/Arf (hom, hom) | – | All subtypes, predominantly sarcomatoid and biphasic | 82.5% | 31.4 | |||
| Nf2;Ink4a/Arf (het, hom) | – | All subtypes | 34.1% | 58.6 | |||
| Nf2;Ink4a/Arf (hom, het) | – | All subtypes | 34.6% | 70.7 | |||
| Nf2;p53;Ink4a* (hom, hom, hom) | – | Sarcomatoid and biphasic | 100% | 11.4 | |||
| Nf2;p53;Ink4a* (hom, hom, het) | – | Sarcomatoid and biphasic | 93.8% | NA | |||
| Intrapleural injection with Adeno-Cre virus |
Nf2;Ink4a/Arf
(hom, hom) | – | Predominantly sarcomatoid and some biphasic,86 all subtypes87 | 63%86 | 2786, 34.887 | 86 87 | |
|
Bap1;Nf2
(hom, hom) | – | Predominantly biphasic and some sarcomatoid | 17% | 21 | 86 | ||
|
Bap1;Ink4a/Arf
(hom, hom) | – | Predominantly sarcomatoid and some biphasic | 22% | 40 | |||
|
Bap1;Nf2;Ink4a/Arf
(hom, hom, hom) | – | Predominantly sarcomatoid and some biphasic,86 all subtypes87 | 85%86 | 1286, 16.387 | 86 87 | ||
|
NF2; Ink4b/Ink4a/Arf
(hom, hom) | – | NA | 75% | 27.1 | 87 | ||
|
Bap1;NF2;Ink4b/Ink4a/Arf
(hom, hom, hom) | – | NA | NA | 12.1 | |||
|
Bap1;NF2;Ink4b/Ink4a/Arf
(het, hom, hom) | – | NA | NA | 20 | |||
| Intrathoracic injection with Adeno-Cre virus | Pten;Tp53 | – | Sarcomatoid88 89 and biphasic88 | 56%88 | 19.388 | 88 89 | |
| Conditional mouse model exposed to asbestos | Intrapleural injection with Adeno-Cre virus and intrapleural injection of asbestos | Nf2;p53;Ink4a/Arf | – | Predominantly epithelioid (>90%) and sarcomatoid | NA | 21 (post-Cre-induction without asbestos) and 12 (post-Cre induction with asbestos) | 85 |
| Patient-derived xenograft | Subcutaneous | – | 50 | All subtypes | – | – | 105 |
| Subcutaneous | – | 4 | Epithelioid | – | – | 104 |
*The numbers indicate the total of pleural and pericardial mesothelioma.
†The numbers indicate thoracic tumours including MPM, rhabdomyosarcomas and schwannomas.
het, heterozygous; hom, homozygous; MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma; NA, not available.