Health-related quality of life* of survivors of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
| 3 months (n=98) Median (IQR) | 6 months (n=77) Median (IQR) | 12 months (n=51) Median (IQR) | P value† | |
| Physical functioning | 50 (43–55) | 52 (46–55) | 52 (48–55) | 0.082 |
| Role, physical | 39 (28–56) | 56 (35–56) | 56 (35–56) | <0.01 |
| Bodily pain | 55 (44–56) | 54 (43–56) | 56 (48–56) | 0.425 |
| General health | 54 (44–59) | 50 (43–59) | 54 (48–59) | 0.093 |
| Vitality | 53 (46–59) | 52 (44–59) | 54 (47–59) | 0.600 |
| Social functioning | 54 (44–60) | 49 (44–60) | 54 (49–60) | 0.364 |
| Role, emotional | 56 (39–56) | 56 (48–56) | 56 (48–56) | 0.335 |
| Mental health | 55 (51–62) | 58 (51–62) | 56 (53–62) | 0.558 |
| Physical component summary (PCS) | 43 (36–51) | 50 (39–53) | 50 (44–53) | <0.01 |
| Mental component summary (MCS) | 52 (46–56) | 50 (45–57) | 54 (47–60) | 0.086 |
Each of the eight scale measures has been reported as a t-score. The t-scores are a linear transformation of the 0–100 possible range scoring for the SF-36 scales that give every scale a mean of 50 and SD of 10, normed to the Italian general population according to Apolone et al12 . PCS and MCS were calculated according to Taft et al13 using the coefficient from Ware et al.14 PCS and MCS are reported as a t-score metric normed for the Italian general population.
*Unknown or missing data: for all the items of SF-36 version 1: 22 (3 months), 5 (6 months), 2 (12 months).
†P values are calculated for comparisons across the 3-month, 6-month and 12-month assessments using linear mixed models.
SF-36, 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.