OR for individual symptoms in current smokers versus non-smokers
N (non-smokers/smokers) | Standard users 2 221 088 (220 135/1 819 505) | COVID-19 self-reported 157 406 (18 845/117 848) | SARS-CoV-2 tested – 16 759 (1418/13 902) | SARS-CoV-2 tested + 7123 (472/5908) | ||||
Symptom | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
Abdominal pain | 1.35 (1.33 to 1.38) | 8.35×10–198 | 1.43 (1.37 to 1.50) | 7.21×10–57 | 1.33 (1.13 to 1.56) | 6.94×10–4 | 1.43 (1.15 to 1.77) | 1.07×10–3 |
Chest pain | 1.16 (1.14 to 1.18) | 1.42×10–63 | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.14) | 4.04×10–6 | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.23) | 4.06×10–1 | 1.31 (1.07 to 1.62) | 1.08×10–2 |
Delirium | 1.22 (1.20 to 1.25) | 2.12×10–93 | 1.26 (1.20 to 1.31) | 1.08×10–23 | 1.60 (1.34 to 1.89) | 8.09×10–8 | 1.83 (1.47 to 2.27) | 4.38×10–8 |
Diarrhoea | 1.31 (1.29 to 1.33) | 3.94×10–210 | 1.28 (1.23 to 1.34) | 5.59×10–29 | 1.31 (1.12 to 1.53) | 5.55×10–4 | 1.14 (0.92 to 1.40) | 2.34×10–1 |
Fatigue | 1.06 (1.05 to 1.08) | 1.75×10–15 | 0.94 (0.90 to 0.99) | 1.40×10–2 | 1.00 (0.84 to 1.18) | 9.55×10–1 | 0.78 (0.57 to 1.10) | 1.46×10–1 |
Fever | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | 6.37×10–1 | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.06) | 8.42×10–1 | 0.87 (0.74 to 1.02) | 8.79×10–2 | 0.86 (0.70 to 1.06) | 1.54×10–1 |
Headache | 1.10 (1.08 to 1.12) | 1.91×10–25 | 1.30 (1.24 to 1.36) | 2.77×10–25 | 1.03 (0.87 to 1.22) | 7.23×10–1 | 1.08 (0.83 to 1.41) | 5.89×10–1 |
Hoarse voice | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08) | 8.38×10–8 | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.10) | 1.04×10–2 | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.12) | 5.48×10–1 | 1.19 (0.97 to 1.46) | 1.02×10–1 |
Anosmia | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.09) | 6.98×10–11 | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92) | 4.82×10–9 | 1.18 (0.99 to 1.39) | 5.55×10–2 | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.17) | 5.32×10–1 |
Persistent cough | 1.18 (1.16 to 1.20) | 8.28×10–90 | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | 5.31×10–1 | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.01) | 7.27×10–2 | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.90) | 2.96×10–3 |
Shortness of breath | 1.16 (1.14 to 1.18) | 3.34×10–71 | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.14) | 1.40×10–5 | 1.11 (0.96 to 1.29) | 1.40×10–1 | 1.35 (1.09 to 1.68) | 6.53×10–3 |
Skipped meals | 1.76 (1.73 to 1.79) | p<2.23e-308 | 1.52 (1.46 to 1.59) | 4.78×10–88 | 1.46 (1.26 to 1.70) | 6.92×10–7 | 1.31 (1.06 to 1.61) | 1.15×10–2 |
Sore throat | 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95) | 2.04×10–14 | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.23) | 2.00×10–11 | 0.90 (0.77 to 1.06) | 2.12×10–1 | 1.32 (1.06 to 1.65) | 1.30×10–2 |
Unusual muscle pains | 1.47 (1.43 to 1.52) | 2.41×10–151 | 1.46 (1.37 to 1.55) | 8.90×10–30 | 1.24 (1.02 to 1.50) | 3.18×10–2 | 1.19 (0.94 to 1.51) | 1.40×10–1 |
For each test group, the table reports the OR (95% CI) and p value of the association between smoking status and individual COVID-19 symptoms, adjusted for age, sex and BMI. An OR >1 reflects an increased likelihood of this symptom being reported in current smokers. Associations passing Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p<1.14×10−3) are highlighted in bold.