Pharmacotherapy and anticoagulation
| Intervention | Pharmacotherapy | |||
| Confirmed or suspected COVID-19* and established or incipient organ failure(s) | ||||
| Medical therapy | Standard-course CAP antibiotics | Low-dose corticosteroids on admission for 10 days | Late corticosteroids for failed weaning† | Antifibrotic therapy‡ |
| Remdesevir | Cytokine storm agents* | Pulmonary vasodilators§ | ||
| All patients without contraindication to anticoagulation | Standard thromboprophylaxis | Enhanced thromboprophylaxis | Full anticoagulation | Antiplatelet therapy |
| Indications for full anticoagulation | Standard indications | Clinical suspicion of VTE | Moderately raised D-dimer (≥4× ULN) | |
For each survey question, median scores were calculated with a score of <3.5 being considered inappropriate (red background), ≥3.5 andb<6.5 uncertain (amber background) and ≥6.5 appropriate (green background).
*For example, tociluzimab.
†For example, intravenous methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg/day for 2–4 weeks.
‡For example, nintedanib for persistent respiratory failure with radiological evidence of lung fibrosis.
§For example, sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension or right ventricular failure; for example, nintedanib for persistent respiratory failure with radiological evidence of lung fibrosis.
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; ULN, upper limit of normal; VTE, venous thromboembolism.