Intervention | Standard care: non-invasive ventilatory strategies | |||||
Confirmed or suspected COVID-19* | Non-COVID-19 ARDS† | |||||
Trial of therapy if immediate invasive mechanical ventilation not required | NHFO | NIV | NHFO | NIV | ||
CPAP | Awake proning | CPAP | Awake proning | |||
Indicators of failure of trial of non-invasive respiratory support | ‘Unacceptable’ ABG | ‘Unacceptable’ work of breathing | Failure to improve | ‘Unacceptable’ ABG | ‘Unacceptable’ work of breathing | Failure to improve |
Trial of therapy after failure of first-line strategy | An alternative non-invasive strategy | Invasive mechanical ventilation | An alternative non-invasive strategy | Invasive mechanical ventilation |
For each survey question, median scores were calculated with a score of <3.5 being considered inappropriate (red background), ≥3.5 and<6.5 uncertain (amber background) and ≥6.5 appropriate (green background).
*In the context of the pandemic.
†Outside the context of the pandemic.
ABG, arterial blood gas; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; NHFO, nasal high-flow oxygen; NIV, non-invasive ventilation.