Characteristics of patients with positive and negative tests for SARS-CoV-2
| Test-positive cases (n=13 501) | Test-negative controls (n=1 088 695) | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 47 (31–61) | 43 (26–59) |
| Sex (male) | 5763 (42.7) | 474 335 (43.6) |
| Status as healthcare professional | ||
| Physician | 423 (3.1) | 10 247 (0.9) |
| Nurse | 1351 (10.0) | 31 520 (2.9) |
| Care assistant | 607 (4.5) | 24 211 (2.2) |
| Use of antihypertensives (within prior 90 days) | ||
| ACE inhibitors | 587 (4.3) | 46 195 (4.2) |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 887 (6.6) | 63 467 (5.8) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 690 (5.1) | 55 901 (5.1) |
| Thiazides | 646 (4.8) | 47 627 (4.4) |
| Beta blockers | 833 (6.2) | 60 685 (5.6) |
| Other antihypertensives | 47 (0.3) | 3336 (0.3) |
| Diagnoses (within prior 10 years) | ||
| Hypertension | 1416 (10.5) | 99 572 (9.1) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 652 (4.8) | 40 165 (3.7) |
| Hospital-diagnosed obesity | 931 (6.9) | 71 682 (6.6) |
| Angina | 610 (4.5) | 42 965 (3.9) |
| Heart valve disease | 272 (2.0) | 18 917 (1.7) |
| Alcohol abuse | 224 (1.7) | 27 855 (2.6) |
| Diabetes | 1162 (8.6) | 69 796 (6.4) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 296 (2.2) | 16 947 (1.6) |
| Dementia | 384 (2.8) | 9980 (0.9) |
| Myocardial infarction | 211 (1.6) | 14 487 (1.3) |
| Liver disease | 124 (0.9) | 10 449 (1.0) |
| Kidney disease | 291 (2.2) | 15 955 (1.5) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 908 (6.7) | 73 435 (6.7) |
| End-stage renal disease | 21 (0.2) | 1215 (0.1) |
| Heart failure | 292 (2.2) | 17 515 (1.6) |
| Cancer | 737 (5.5) | 61 394 (5.6) |
| Stroke | 413 (3.1) | 23 500 (2.2) |
| Markers of smoking | 3293 (24.4) | 296 588 (27.2) |
| Medications (within prior 90 days) | ||
| Statins | 1244 (9.2) | 94 770 (8.7) |
| Antivirals | 193 (1.4) | 12 171 (1.1) |
| Low-dose aspirin | 476 (3.5) | 36 812 (3.4) |
| Vitamin K-antagonists | 106 (0.8) | 8138 (0.7) |
| Opioids | 778 (5.8) | 51 647 (4.7) |
| Antidepressants | 934 (6.9) | 74 239 (6.8) |
| Immunosuppressants | 47 (0.3) | 4207 (0.4) |
| Antipsychotics | 262 (1.9) | 22 504 (2.1) |
| Glucocorticoids | 278 (2.1) | 19 675 (1.8) |
| Hypnotics | 430 (3.2) | 29 887 (2.7) |
| Loop diuretics | 524 (3.9) | 29 630 (2.7) |
| Antibiotics | 2042 (15.1) | 111 921 (10.3) |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||
| Marital status | ||
| Widowed | 1005 (7.4) | 53 203 (4.9) |
| Divorced | 1568 (11.6) | 121 025 (11.1) |
| Married | 6205 (46.0) | 429 375 (39.4) |
| Unmarried | 4653 (34.5) | 483 512 (44.4) |
| Unknown | 70 (0.5) | 1580 (0.1) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Non-immigrant | 10 329 (76.5) | 935 629 (85.9) |
| First-generation or second-generation immigrant | 3172 (23.5) | 153 066 (14.1) |
| Residence | ||
| Non-urban | 6539 (48.4) | 648 923 (59.6) |
| Urban | 6962 (51.6) | 439 772 (40.4) |