Therapeutic agent | Disease | Experimental model | References |
Salubrinal | COPD, asthma | In vitro (HBE, COPD HBE, BEAS-2B, HEK cells); in vivo (murine, ferret) | 73 75 91 92 |
mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) | – | In vitro (MEF cells) | 93 |
AMPK activators (metformin) | Diabetes, metabolic diseases | In vivo (murine) | 94 |
PPAR agonists | Metabolic diseases | In vitro (HepG2); in vivo (murine) | 94 |
PERK and IRE1 inhibitors | Cancer | In vitro (C6 cells) | 94 |
Chemical chaperones (4-PBA,TUDCA) | Pulmonary fibrosis, asthma | In vivo (murine); ex vivo (BALF) | 67 68 95–97 |
BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BEAS-2B, bronchial epithelial cell line; C6, glioma cell line; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; HBE, primary human bronchial epithelial cells; HEK, human embryonic kidney; HepG2, liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line; IRE, inositol-requiring enzyme; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblasts; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PBA, phenylbutryic acid; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; UPR, unfolded protein response.