Estimated HRs, p values and 95% CI from Cox models (n=4478)
| Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV |
| Living alone | |||
| 1.83 | 1.41 | 1.37 | 1.32 |
| p=0.000 | p=0.002 | p=0.004 | p=0.012 |
| (1.49–2.24) | (1.14–1.75) | (1.10–1.69) | (1.06–1.64) |
| Low social contact | |||
| 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 |
| p=0.720 | p=0.307 | p=0.349 | p=0.328 |
| (0.90–1.07) | (0.88–1.04) | (0.88–1.05) | (0.88–1.04) |
| Social disengagement | |||
| 1.56 | 1.42 | 1.33 | 1.24 |
| p=0.000 | p=0.000 | p=0.000 | p=0.000 |
| (1.42–1.71) | (1.27–1.58) | (1.20–1.48) | (1.11–1.38) |
| Loneliness | |||
| 1.05 | 1.08 | 0.96 | 0.95 |
| p=0.271 | p=0.091 | p=0.362 | p=0.317 |
| (0.96–1.14) | (0.99–1.18) | (0.87–1.05) | (0.86–1.05) |
Model I was unadjusted. Model II controlled for socio-demographic confounders. Model III additionally controlled for health-related confounders. Model IV additionally controlled for behavioural confounders.