Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients (n=40)

Age, years44.0±11.2
Male gender, n (%)29 (72.5%)
Race, n (%)
 Chinese29 (72.5%)
 Malay7 (17.5%)
 Indian3 (7.5%)
 Others1 (2.5%)
BMI, kg/m2 26.1±3.3
Neck circumference, cm38.0±3.3
ESS12.1±2.6
Comorbidities, n (%)
 Hypertension8 (20.0%)
 Hyperlipidaemia12 (30.0%)
 Diabetic mellitus3 (7.5%)
 Heart disease*2 (5.0%)
 Cerebrovascular disease0 (0.0%)
 Depression1 (2.5%)
Medications, n (%)
 Antihypertensive agent7 (17.5%)
 Antidiabetic agent3 (7.5%)
 Antidepressant1 (2.5%)
PSG parameters (mean)
 Total AHI23.4±15.5
 Supine AHI37.9±21.2
 Non supine AHI3.5±3.1
 3% ODI12.1±14.9
 % Total sleep time < 90%2.4 ± 6.3
Quality of life, sleep quality and mood assessment
SF36
 Physical functioning78.5±20.9
 Role limitations due to physical health72.5±37.0
 Role limitations due to emotional problems74.2±34.2
 Energy / fatigue44.9±12.9
 Emotional well-being71.8±15.3
 Social functioning70.9±22.9
 Pain73.8±23.2
 General health54.5±14.4
FOSQ16.3±1.6
PSQI7.1±3.0
DASS21
 Depression3.7±2.1
 Anxiety4.5±2.8
 Stress5.7±3.2
  • *1 patient had atrial fibrillation, 1 had coronary artery disease

  • AHI, Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index; BMI, body mass index; DASS21, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; FOSQ, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire; ODI, Oxygen Desaturation Index; PSG, polysomnogram; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SF-36, 36-item Short Form survey.