Respiratory muscle training parameters per group allocation after 6 weeks
| Training | All data (N=62) | Acute (n=30) | Chronic (n=32) | ||||||
| Sham | Active | P value | Sham | Active | P value | Sham | Active | P value | |
| Inspiratory muscle training | |||||||||
| Baseline pressure (cmH2O)* | 3.6±0.0 | 14.4±5.5 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 14.3±4.7 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 14.6±6.4 | <0.001 |
| Percentage of initial PImax | 8.3±0.0 | 31.4±0.1 | <0.001 | 7.6±0.0 | 29.7±0.0 | <0.001 | 8.9±0.0 | 33.0±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Maximum training pressure (cmH2O)* | 4.6±5.6 | 33.8±8.3 | <0.001 | 5.7±8.1 | 33.1±7.8 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 34.4±9.0 | <0.001 |
| Percentage of initial PImax | 9.9±0.1 | 79.8±0.3 | <0.001 | 11.0±0.1 | 73.3±0.3 | <0.001 | 8.9±0.0 | 86.2±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Average training pressure (cmH2O)* | 3.7±0.4 | 26.9±7.6 | <0.001 | 3.8±0.6 | 25.7±6.9 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 28.1±8.4 | <0.001 |
| Percentage of initial PImax | 8.4±0.0 | 61.7±0.2 | <0.001 | 7.9±0.0 | 55.4±0.2 | <0.001 | 8.9±0.0 | 67.9±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Training sets per session | 4.1±0.7 | 4.2±0.6 | 0.549 | 3.9±0.7 | 4.1±0.6 | 0.408 | 4.3±0.6 | 4.2±0.6 | 0.641 |
| Inspiratory work (sets × pressure, cmH2O) | 9.5±3.2 | 77.3±34.5 | <0.001 | 8.3±3.4 | 67.9±29.0 | <0.001 | 10.6±2.7 | 86.8±37.8 | <0.001 |
| Borg score per session (/10) | 1.7±1.4 | 3.6±1.1 | <0.001 | 2.1±1.3 | 3.5±0.9 | 0.002 | 1.4±1.3 | 3.6±1.2 | <0.001 |
| Expiratory muscle training | |||||||||
| Baseline pressure (cmH2O)* | 3.6±0.0 | 11.8±4.7 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 13.0±5.8 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 10.6±2.9 | <0.001 |
| Percentage of initial PEmax | 13.4±0.1 | 40.4±0.1 | <0.001 | 10.7±0.0 | 37.0±0.1 | <0.001 | 15.8±0.1 | 43.9±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Maximum training pressure (cmH2O)* | 3.6±0.0 | 23.9±7.8 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 24.5±8.9 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 23.3±6.8 | <0.001 |
| Percentage of initial PEmax | 13.4±0.1 | 82.8±0.3 | <0.001 | 10.7±0.0 | 72.0±0.2 | <0.001 | 15.8±0.1 | 93.6±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Average training pressure (cmH2O)* | 3.6±0.0 | 18.8±6.4 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 19.8±7.8 | <0.001 | 3.6±0.0 | 17.9±4.7 | <0.001 |
| Percentage of initial PEmax | 13.4±0.1 | 64.6±0.2 | <0.001 | 10.7±0.0 | 57.0±0.1 | <0.001 | 15.8±0.1 | 72.2±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Training sets per session | 4.1±0.7 | 4.1±0.6 | 1.000 | 3.9±0.7 | 4.0±0.6 | 0.678 | 4.2±0.6 | 4.1±0.6 | 0.641 |
| Expiratory work (sets × pressure, cmH2O) | 8.9±3.1 | 49.3±24.9 | <0.001 | 8.0±3.4 | 48.4±28.4 | <0.001 | 9.8±2.7 | 47.0±22.2 | <0.001 |
| Borg score per session (/10) | 1.9±1.4 | 3.9±1.1 | <0.001 | 2.3±1.4 | 3.6±1.0 | 0.005 | 1.5±1.3 | 3.9±1.3 | <0.001 |
All values are mean±SD.
*Actual pressure is not participant perceived pressure. Inspiratory and expiratory work represents an average per training session.
PEmax, maximal expiratory pressure; PImax, maximal inspiratory pressure.