Movement of MDR strains around the globe
MDR-defining node | Lineage | Spoligotype | Bootstrap value | Total # MDR strains | # Strains per country (# XDR) | # Strains per UN region | # Strains per dataset | min SNP dist. bt. countries | |||
(A) Movement of MDR strains between UN geographic regions. This table lists MDR clades with >1 UN geographic region represented. | |||||||||||
1 | LIN-4 | T2 | 1.00 | 3 | Uganda | 2 | E. Africa | 2 | Clark et al, 2013 | 2 | Uganda-Sweden 4 |
Sweden | 1 | N. Europe | 1 | TB-ARC Sweden | 1 | ||||||
2 | LIN-1 | EAI1-SOM | 1.00 | 3 | South Africa | 2 | S. Africa | 2 | Cohen et al, 2015 | 2 | South Africa-Sweden 5 |
Sweden | 1 | N. Europe | 1 | TB-ARC Sweden | 1 | ||||||
3 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.99 | 8 | Russia | 1 | E. Europe | 1 | Casali et al, 2014 | 1 | Russia-Uzbekistan 11 |
Uzbekistan | 7 | Central Asia | 7 | Merket et al., 2015 | 7 | ||||||
4 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.88 | 5 | Russia | 2 | E. Europe | 3 | TB-ARC Moldova | 1 | Russia-Moldova 12 |
Moldova | 1 | Merker et al., 2015 | 3 | Russia-Georgia 14 | |||||||
Georgia | 2 | W. Asia | 2 | Casali et al., 2014 | 1 | Moldova-Georgia 20 | |||||
5 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.99 | 23 | Russia | 19 | E. Europe | 21 | Merker et al., 2015 | 1 | Russia-Sweden 13 |
Belarus | 2 (2) | Casali et al., 2014 | 19 | Russia-Georgia 17 | |||||||
Sweden | 1 | N. Europe | 1 | TB-ARC Belarus | 2 | Russia-Belarus 20 | |||||
Georgia | 1 | W. Asia | 1 | TB-ARC Sweden | 1 | Belarus-Georgia 26 | |||||
Belarus-Sweden 29 | |||||||||||
Sweden-Georgia 32 | |||||||||||
6 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 1.00 | 3 | UK | 1 (1) | N. Europe | 2 | TB-ARC Moldova | 1 | UK-Moldova 14 |
Sweden | 1 | Casali et al., 2014 | 1 | UK-Sweden 19 | |||||||
Moldova | 1 | E. Europe | 1 | TB-ARC Sweden | 1 | Sweden-Moldova 24 | |||||
7 | LIN-4 | LAM9 | 0.92 | 3 | Russia | 1 | E. Europe | 1 | Casali et al, 2014 | 1 | Russia-Sweden 14 |
Sweden | 2 (2) | N. Europe | 2 | TB-ARC Sweden | 2 | ||||||
8 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.99 | 2 | Russia | 1 | E. Europe | 1 | Casali et al, 2014 | 1 | Russia-Iran 14 |
Iran | 1 (1) | S. Asia | 1 | TB-ARC Iran | 1 | ||||||
9 | LIN-4 | LAM9 | 0.99 | 3 | Sweden | 1 | N. Europe | 1 | TB-ARC Moldova | 2 | Sweden-Moldova 15 |
Moldova | 2 | E. Europe | 2 | TB-ARC Sweden | 1 | ||||||
10 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.86 | 6 | UK | 1 (1) | N. Europe | 1 | Bryant et al, 2013 | 1 | UK-Russia 16 |
Russia | 4 | E. Europe | 4 | Casali et al, 2014 | 5 | Russia-Netherlands 16 | |||||
Netherlands | 1 | W. Europe | 1 | UK-Netherlands 17 | |||||||
11 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.84 | 7 | Russia | 2 | E. Europe | 2 | Merker et al, 2015 | 1 | Iran-Azerbaijan 17 |
Iran | 4 (4) | S. Asia | 4 | Casali et al, 2014 | 2 | Russia-Azerbaijan 24 | |||||
Azerbaijan | 1 | W. Asia | 1 | TB-ARC Iran | 4 | Russia-Iran 30 | |||||
12 | LIN-4 | T2 | 1.00 | 2 | Uganda | 1 | N. Europe | 1 | Clark et al, 2013 | 1 | Uganda-Sweden 17 |
Sweden | 1 | E. Africa | 1 | TB-ARC Sweden | 1 | ||||||
13 | LIN-4 | LAM9 | 1.00 | 2 | Russia | 1 | N. Europe | 1 | Casali et al, 2014 | 1 | Russia-Sweden 17 |
Sweden | 1 | E. Europe | 1 | TB-ARC Sweden | 1 | ||||||
14 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.94 | 37 | Russia | 32 (6) | E. Europe | 35 | Merker et al, 2015 | 1 | Russia-Iran 19 |
Belarus | 3 (2) | 1 | Casali et al, 2014 | 32 | Russia-Germany 19 | ||||||
Germany | 1 | W. Europe | TB-ARC Iran | 1 | Iran-Germany 19 | ||||||
Iran | 1 | S. Asia | 1 | TB-ARC Belarus | 3 | Russia-Belarus 25 | |||||
Iran-Belarus 27 | |||||||||||
Belarus-Germany 30 | |||||||||||
15 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.88 | 52 | Russia | 1 | E. Europe | 51 | Merker et al, 2015 | 2 | Russia-Belarus 20 |
Belarus | 50 (27) | TB-ARC Belarus | 50 | Turkmenistan-Belarus 30 | |||||||
Turkmenistan | 1 | Central Asia | 1 | Russia-Turkmenistan 34 | |||||||
16 | LIN-4 | S | 0.97 | 3 | Sweden | 1 | N. Europe | 1 | TB-ARC Romania | 2 | Sweden-Romania 21 |
Romania | 2 | E. Europe | 2 | TB-ARC Sweden | 1 | ||||||
17 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.82 | 3 | Russia | 2 (1) | E. Europe | 2 | Merker et al, 2015 | 3 | Russia-Uzbekistan 22 |
Uzbekistan | 1 | Central Asia | 1 | ||||||||
18 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.96 | 5 | South Africa | 4 | S. Africa | 4 | Cohen et al, 2015 | 2 | South Africa-Sweden 27 |
TB-ARC MRC | 2 | ||||||||||
Sweden | 1 (1) | N. Europe | 1 | TB-ARC Sweden | 1 | ||||||
19 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.88 | 4 | Sweden | 3 | N. Europe | 3 | TB-ARC Iran | 1 | Sweden-Iran 33 |
Iran | 1 | S. Asia | 1 | TB-ARC Sweden | 3 | ||||||
20 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.95 | 2 | Russia | 1 | E. Europe | 1 | Merker et al, 2015 | 1 | Russia-Georgia 33 |
Georgia | 1 | W. Asia | 1 | Casali et al, 2014 | 1 | ||||||
21 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.99 | 10 | Sweden | 2 | N. Europe | 2 | TB-ARC Sweden | 2 | Sweden-Belarus 36 |
Belarus | 8 (3) | E. Europe | 8 | TB-ARC Belarus | 8 | ||||||
22 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 1.00 | 7 | Russia | 5 | N. Europe | 2 | Casali et al, 2014 | 5 | Russia-Sweden 39 |
Sweden | 2 | E. Europe | 5 | TB-ARC Sweden | 2 | ||||||
(B) Movement of MDR strains between countries within a UN geographical region. This table lists MDR clades found in a single UN geographic region, but in >1 country. | |||||||||||
23 | LIN-4 | S | 1.00 | 37 | South Africa | 36 | S. Africa | 37 | Cohen et al, 2015 | 18 | South Africa-Swaziland 1 |
Swaziland | 1 | TB-ARC MRC | 19 | ||||||||
24 | LIN-4 | T1 | 1.00 | 22 | Russia | 1 | E. Europe | 22 | Casali et al, 2014 | 1 | Russia-Belarus 7 |
Belarus | 21 (3) | TB-ARC Belarus | 21 | ||||||||
25 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.99 | 5 | Russia | 4 (1) | E. Europe | 5 | TB-ARC Moldova | 1 | Russia-Moldova 9 |
Moldova | 1 | Casali et al, 2014 | 4 | ||||||||
26 | LIN-4 | T1 | 0.91 | 19 | South Africa | 18 (1) | S. Africa | 19 | Cohen et al, 2015 | 7 | South Africa-Swaziland 13 |
Swaziland | 1 | TB-ARC MRC | 12 | ||||||||
27 | LIN-4 | H3 | 0.91 | 14 | Russia | 12 | E. Europe | 14 | TB-ARC Moldova | 2 | Russia-Moldova 16 |
Moldova | 2 | Casali et al, 2014 | 12 | ||||||||
28 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 1.00 | 4 | UK | 1 (1) | N. Europe | 4 | Bryant et al, 2013 | 3 | UK-Estonia 16 |
Estonia | 3 (1) | Casali et al, 2014 | 1 | ||||||||
29 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.91 | 4 | Belarus | 1 | E. Europe | 4 | TB-ARC Moldova | 3 | Belarus-Moldova 17 |
Moldova | 3 | TB-ARC Belarus | 1 | ||||||||
30 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.83 | 3 | Russia | 1 | E. Europe | 3 | Casali et al, 2014 | 1 | Russia-Belarus 22 |
Belarus | 2 (2) | TB-ARC Belarus | 2 | ||||||||
31 | LIN-2 | Beijing | 0.98 | 2 | Russia | 1 (1) | E. Europe | 2 | TB-ARC Moldova | 1 | Russia-Moldova 27 |
Moldova | 1 | Casali et al, 2014 | 1 | ||||||||
32 | LIN-4 | H3 | 1.00 | 3 | Russia | 2 | E. Europe | 3 | Casali et al, 2014 | 2 | Russia-Belarus 116 |
Belarus | 1 | TB-ARC Belarus | 1 |
For each unique MDR clade in the phylogeny, defined as the set of descendants from a single node where MDR arose in our parsimony-based analysis (see Methods section), we calculated the number of countries and UN geographic regions represented. For each MDR-defining node, the table provides lineage and spoligotype designations for descendent strains, the level of statistical confidence for each node in the phylogenetic tree (figure 3), the total number of descendent strains as well as by country, UN geographic region and dataset, and the minimum SNP distance between isolates from each country pair, defined as the minimum distance between all pairs of strains from each two countries contained in a single MDR clade. WHO high burden countries are indicated in red.
MDR, multidrug-resistant; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; XDR, extensively drug-resistant.