Table 3

Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted associations of nasal microbiota profiles at age 2 months with rate of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and lower respiratory infections (LRTI) during age 2–24 months*

Outcome by nasal microbiota profile	Unadjusted analysis		Multivariable-adjusted analysis
Outcome by nasal microbiota profile	Incidence rate ratio (95% CI)	P value	Incidence rate ratio (95% CI)	P value
ARIs
Moraxella dominant	1.34 (1.16 to 1.54)	<0.001	1.19 (1.04 to 1.37)	0.01
Streptococcus dominant	1.16 (1.00 to 1.35)	0.04	1.14 (0.99 to 1.31)	0.08
Dolosigranulum dominant	1.11 (0.96 to 1.29)	0.15	1.08 (0.94 to 1.24)	0.31
Staphylococcus dominant	1.14 (0.98 to 1.32)	0.10	1.14 (0.98 to 1.31)	0.09
Corynebacteriaceae dominant	Reference	–	Reference	–
LRTIs
Moraxella dominant	3.89 (1.47 to 11.06)	0.008	2.79 (1.04 to 8.09)	0.04
Streptococcus dominant	2.62 (0.95 to 7.67)	0.07	1.89 (0.69 to 5.55)	0.22
Dolosigranulum dominant	2.38 (0.87 to 6.95)	0.10	1.95 (0.72 to 5.69)	0.19
Staphylococcus dominant	3.42 (1.24 to 10.13)	0.02	2.90 (1.07 to 8.49)	0.04
Corynebacteriaceae dominant	Reference	–	Reference	–

*Incidence rates of ARIs and LRTIs were compared by using unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted negative binomial regression models with follow-up time from age 2 months visit to age 24 months as an offset variable. Multivariable analysis adjusted for nine patient-level covariates (age, sex, household siblings, parental asthma, birth by caesarean section, breast feeding, history of systemic antibiotic use, respiratory symptoms at the time of nasal sampling and respiratory virus in age 2 months sample). Corynebacteriaceae-dominant microbiota profile was used as the reference.