Table 3

Associations* (OR and 95% CI) between Healthy Lifestyle Index and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema at 6–7 years of age, International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood phase III

NHealthy Lifestyle Index pointsPer one-point increase
0–1234–5P trend
Current wheeze
Unadjusted69 98710.95 (0.89 to 1.02)0.79 (0.73 to 0.85)0.67 (0.62 to 0.73)<0.0010.88 (0.86 to 0.90)
Adjusted†69 98710.95 (0.88 to 1.02)0.78 (0.73 to 0.84)0.67 (0.61 to 0.73)<0.0010.88 (0.86 to 0.90)
Adjusted‡61 12210.93 (0.86 to 1.00)0.76 (0.70 to 0.82)0.63 (0.58 to 0.70)<0.0010.86 (0.84 to 0.89)
Adjusted§61 12210.93 (0.87 to 1.01)0.77 (0.71 to 0.83)0.66 (0.60 to 0.72)<0.0010.87 (0.85 to 0.89)
Asthma ever
Unadjusted69 36910.92 (0.85 to 0.99)0.83 (0.77 to 0.90)0.73 (0.67 to 0.80)<0.0010.91 (0.89 to 0.93)
Adjusted†69 36910.91 (0.84 to 0.98)0.82 (0.76 to 0.89)0.72 (0.66 to 0.79)<0.0010.91 (0.88 to 0.93)
Adjusted‡55 49410.88 (0.81 to 0.96)0.77 (0.70 to 0.84)0.64 (0.58 to 0.71)<0.0010.88 (0.85 to 0.90)
Adjusted¶55 49410.89 (0.81 to 0.97)0.79 (0.72 to 0.86)0.67 (0.60 to 0.74)<0.0010.89 (0.86 to 0.92)
Current symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis
Unadjusted59 09110.98 (0.91 to 1.07)0.91 (0.84 to 0.99)0.86 (0.79 to 0.95)<0.0010.96 (0.93 to 0.98)
Adjusted†59 09110.98 (0.91 to 1.06)0.91 (0.84 to 0.98)0.86 (0.78 to 0.94)<0.0010.95 (0.93 to 0.98)
Adjusted‡53 36610.98 (0.90 to 1.07)0.90 (0.83 to 0.98)0.84 (0.76 to 0.92)<0.0010.95 (0.92 to 0.97)
Adjusted**53 36610.99 (0.91 to 1.07)0.92 (0.84 to 1.00)0.86 (0.78 to 0.95)0.0010.96 (0.93 to 0.98)
Hay fever ever
Unadjusted66 83011.03 (0.95 to 1.11)1.00 (0.92 to 1.08)0.96 (0.87 to 1.05)0.1890.98 (0.96 to 1.01)
Adjusted†66 83011.02 (0.95 to 1.11)0.99 (0.91 to 1.07)0.95 (0.87 to 1.04)0.1400.98 (0.96 to 1.01)
Adjusted‡53 74711.03 (0.95 to 1.13)0.99 (0.90 to 1.08)0.93 (0.83 to 1.03)0.0600.97 (0.95 to 1.00)
Adjusted††53 74711.03 (0.94 to 1.13)0.99 (0.90 to 1.08)0.92 (0.83 to 1.02)0.0490.97 (0.94 to 1.00)
Current symptoms of eczema
Unadjusted66 14710.91 (0.84 to 0.99)0.89 (0.82 to 0.96)0.86 (0.78 to 0.94)0.0020.96 (0.93 to 0.99)
Adjusted†66 14710.91 (0.84 to 0.99)0.89 (0.82 to 0.97)0.86 (0.78 to 0.95)0.0030.96 (0.94 to 0.99)
Adjusted‡52 68910.90 (0.82 to 0.99)0.87 (0.79 to 0.96)0.86 (0.77 to 0.96)0.0050.96 (0.93 to 0.99)
Adjusted††52 68910.89 (0.81 to 0.98)0.86 (0.78 to 0.95)0.84 (0.75 to 0.94)0.0020.96 (0.93 to 0.99)
Eczema ever
Unadjusted66 50711.01 (0.95 to 1.08)0.99 (0.93 to 1.06)1.10 (1.02 to 1.18)0.0391.03 (1.01 to 1.05)
Adjusted†66 50711.01 (0.95 to 1.08)0.99 (0.93 to 1.06)1.10 (1.02 to 1.18)0.0411.03 (1.01 to 1.05)
Adjusted‡58 16411.02 (0.95 to 1.09)1.02 (0.96 to 1.10)1.15 (1.07 to 1.25)<0.0011.04 (1.02 to 1.07)
Adjusted58 16410.98 (0.92 to 1.05)0.97 (0.90 to 1.04)1.05 (0.97 to 1.13)0.3461.01 (0.99 to 1.04)

  • *Mixed-effects logistic regression including a random intercept for centre.

  • †Adjusted for child’s sex, per capita GNI and region of the world.

  • ‡Children with complete covariate data, adjusted for child’s sex, GNI and region of the world.

  • §Multivariate analysis (children with complete covariate data), adjusted for child’s sex, gross national income, region of the world, breastfeeding, pets at home and paracetamol use for fever in the first year.

  • ¶Multivariate analysis (children with complete covariate data), adjusted for child’s sex, GNI, region of the world, maternal education, siblings, pets at home and paracetamol use for fever in the first year.

  • **Multivariable analysis (children with complete covariate data), adjusted for child’s sex, GNI, region of the world, pets at home and paracetamol use for fever in the first year.

  • ††Multivariable analysis (children with complete covariate data), adjusted for child’s sex, GNI, region of the world, maternal education, breastfeeding, siblings and paracetamol use for fever in the first year.

  • ‡‡Multivariable analysis (children with complete covariate data), adjusted for child’s sex, GNI, region of the world, maternal education, breastfeeding and paracetamol use for fever in the first year.

  • GNI, gross national income.