Impact of effective mandibular advancement device (MAD) versus sham device on inflammatory, metabolic biomarkers and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)
| Effective MAD | Sham device | Adjusted intergroup differences* | ||||
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Mean (95% CI) | P values | |
| CRP, mg/L | 3.8 (6.9) | 3.6 (7.3) | 1.7 (1.4) † | 3.6 (8.1) | −0.9 (−3.5 to 1.7) | 0.49 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 1.1 (0.5) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.3 (2.0) | 0.3 (0.0 to 0.7) | 0.07 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 6.7 (2.5) | 6.4 (2.4) | 8.1 (3.6) † | 6.7 (3.3) ‡ | 0.2 (−0.9 to 1.3) | 0.71 |
| P-selectin, pg/mL | 72.8 (31.2) | 71.8 (26.6) | 76.0 (34.4) | 79.2 (45.4) | −6.7 (−21.1 to 7.7) | 0.36 |
| TNF-R1, pg/mL | 1859.3 (485.6) | 1831.5 (487.9) | 1824.1 (507.5) | 1909.8 (550.1) | −80.7 (−184.2 to 22.9) | 0.12 |
| TNF-R2, pg/mL | 4119.6 (1501.1) | 4139.3 (1793.6) | 3985.2 (1406.3) | 3941.2 (1265.6) | 108.2 (−368.9 to 585.3) | 0.65 |
| Leptin, pg/mL | 14.0 (12.8) | 16.3 (15.2) ‡ | 11.4 (8.3) | 13.4 (9.2) ‡ | 0.1 (−2.3 to 2.6) | 0.91 |
| Adiponectin, µg/mL | 18.3 (8.9) | 18.2 (9.3) | 14.9 (6.8) † | 14.3 (6.7) | 0.5 (−1.0 to 2.0) | 0.47 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.9) § | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.0 to 0.6) | 0.05 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.3 (0.8) | 5.4 (1.0) | 5.3 (0.8) | 5.2 (0.8) | 0.2 (–0.1 to 0.4) | 0.23 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.30 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 3.4 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.8) | 0.0 (-0.2 to 0.3) | 0.73 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.2 (1.3) | 5.4 (1.0) | 5.4 (1.0) | 5.6 (1.4) | 0.0 (−0.2 to 0.3) | 0.81 |
| Insulin, mU/L | 10.4 (7.4) | 11.6 (8.3) | 11.7 (9.3) | 11.7 (8.3) | 0.7 (−2.1 to 3.5) | 0.60 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.6 (3.2) | 3.0 (3.3) | 3.0 (3.0) | 3.2 (3.0) | 0.4 (−0.4 to 1.1) | 0.31 |
| NT-ProBNP, pg/mL | 296.8 (401.6) | 252.5 (301.0) | 189.8 (173.5) | 184.3 (177.8) | 12.0 (−40.9 to 64.9) | 0.65 |
Data are expressed as mean (SD) or mean (95% CI).
*Adjusted for baseline value, age, gender and body mass index and baseline Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index.
†P<0.05 versus effective MAD group at baseline.
‡P<0.05 versus baseline.
§P<0.01 versus baseline.
CRP, C reactive protein; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance Index; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TNF-R1, tumour necrosis factor receptor 1; TNF-R2, tumour necrosis factor receptor 2; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α.