Table 3

Factors associated with change in utility (utility at day-7 minus baseline)*

	Univariate			Multivariate predictive			Multivariate explanatory
	Coefficient	95% CI	P values	Coefficient	95% CI	P values	Coefficient	95% CI	P values
Predictive variables
Age	0.001	−0.001 to 0.003	0.52
Male gender	0.01	−0.04 to 0.06	0.70
Zubrod 2–4 vs 0–1	0.036	−0.012 to 0.084	0.14
Baseline utility	−0.014	−0.198 to 0.170	0.88
Baseline Borg	0.013	0.004 to 0.023	0.01	0.012	0.002 to 0.022	0.015
Urgent/emergent vs elective	0.02	−0.12	0.51
Time from diagnosis to procedure (weeks)	−0.0001	−0.0002 to 0.0001	0.41
Comorbidities
COPD	−0.048	−0.118 to 0.023	0.18	−0.079	−0.150 to −0.008	0.03	−0.069	−0.136 to −0.002	0.05
Cardiovascular	0.015	−0.041 to 0.071	0.59
Diabetes	0.036	−0.021 to 0.093	0.21
Second primary solid tumour	−0.058	−0.136 to 0.020	0.14
Cancer type
Lung	0.02	−0.028 to 0.070	0.40
Other malignancies	<ref>
Initial treatment type
Surgery	0.007	−0.057 to 0.070	0.84
Chemotherapy	0.016	−0.052 to 0.085	0.65
Radiation therapy	0.04	−0.044 to 0.124	0.35
No treatment	<ref>
Any prior therapeutic bronchoscopy	−0.125	−0.211 to −0.039	0.01	−0.111	−0.199 to −0.023	0.02	−0.102	−0.186 to −0.018	0.02
indication(s) for therapeutic bronchoscopy†
Tracheoesophageal fistula	−0.074	−0.198 to 0.050	0.24
Haemoptysis	0.007	−0.052 to 0.067	0.81
Number of bronchopulmonary segments obstructed	−0.002	−0.006 to 0.002	0.34
Location of most proximal obstruction
Trachea	−0.019	−0.099 to 0.061	0.65
Bilateral mainstem	−0.002	−0.114 to 0.110	0.97
Right mainstem	0.048	−0.030 to 0.126	0.22
Left mainstem	0.026	−0.058 to 0.110	0.55
Right bronchus intermedius	0.019	−0.077 to 0.115	0.70
Lobar only	<ref>
Obstruction type of most proximal location
Endobronchial	<ref>
Extrinsic	−0.025	−0.082 to 0.032	0.39
Mixed	−0.008	−0.105 to 0.055	0.85
Explanatory variables
∆Borg	−0.023	−0.024	<0.001				−0.021	−0.033 to −0.009	<0.001
Ventilation type
Jet ventilation	0.015	−0.065 to 0.095	0.72
Volume cycled	<ref>
Bronchoscopy type
Rigid and flexible	0.006	−0.084 to 0.096	0.89
Flexible only	<ref>
Treatment modalities
Any laser	0.037	−0.028 to 0.102	0.26
Electrocautery	0.047	−0.004 to 0.098	0.07
Argon plasma	0.025	−0.024 to 0.074	0.33
Cryorecanalisation	0.076	0.019 to 0.133	0.01
Microdebrider	−0.015	−0.070 to 0.040	0.61
Rigid ‘coring’	0.068	−0.008 to 0.144	0.08
Dilation	−0.064	−0.123 to −0.005	0.04
Stent at first procedure	−0.031	−0.082 to 0.020	0.23
Stent type placed
Aero	0.003	−0.075 to 0.081	0.94
Y-Stent	0.018	−0.064 to 0.100	0.66
Technical success
Complete or partial	0.003	−0.075 to 0.081	0.94
Failed	<ref>
Postprocedure treatment
Surgery	−0.097	−0.220 to 0.026	0.13
Chemotherapy	−0.002	−0.051 to 0.047	0.93
Radiation therapy	0.01	−0.039 to 0.059	0.69

*Day-7 utility score is 7 days after the study entry bronchoscopy. If the patient had subsequent bronchoscopies, these were not included in this analysis.
†Patients could have one or more comorbidities, so each comorbidity is dichotomous. For therapeutic bronchoscopy indication(s), patients could have more than one indication for bronchoscopy, but one of them had to be for malignant central airway obstruction.