Clinical characteristics of children exposed or not exposed to passive smoking
| Children exposed to passive smoking | Children not exposed to passive smoking | P | |
| N | 57 | 57 | – |
| Age (years) | 8.7 (7.8 to 9.5) | 8.7 (8.0 to 9.4) | 0.949 |
| Females/males | 26/31 | 26/31 | 1.0 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 115 (112 to 118) | 112 (109 to 115) | 0.198 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 75 (71 to 78) | 70 (68 to 73) | 0.60 |
| Parents cigarettes/day, No. | 12 (11 to 14) | – | <0.001 |
| Serum cotinine (ng/mL) | 35.7 (33 to 38) | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.8) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index | 18 (17 to 19) | 17 (16 to 18) | 0.157 |
| Total cholesterol level, mg/dL | 169 (162 to 175) | 160 (155 to 166) | 0.052 |
| Fasting glucose level, mg/dL | 88 (84 to 91) | 87 (83 to 89) | 0.617 |
| sNOX-2dp (pg/mL) | 26 (24 to 29) | 18 (16 to 20) | <0.001 |
| 8-iso-PGF2α (pmol/L) | 169 (142 to 185) | 150 (130 to 159) | <0.001 |
| NO bioavailability (µM) | 51 (48 to 54) | 59 (55 to 62) | <0.001 |
| FMD (%) | 6.1 (4 to 9.1) | 7.7 (5.1 to 10) | 0.006 |
| IMT (mm) | 0.50 (0.48 to 0.52) | 0.49 (0.46 to 0.51) | 0.502 |
Data are reported as mean and 95% CI. Italicised values show a P value statistically significant.
FMD, flow-mediated dilation; IMT, intimal-medial thickening; NO, nitric oxide; sNOX-2dp, soluble Nox2.